Transcript Where is Greece? - Mr. Dawson`s website

Ancient Greece
Adapted by Mr. Dawson
2012
Where is Greece?
• Sunny Greece is
4,900 miles from
Baltimore.
• It’s capital city is
Athens
• It is famous for its
beautiful beaches
and sea!
Ancient Greece
• In Ancient Greece,
the different cities
were at war with each
other.
• The most fearsome
fighters came from
the town of Sparta.
The Climate
• The climate is
Mediterranean.
• The Mediterranean Sea
affects the Greek climate,
cooling the air in summer
and providing warmth in
winter.
• The warm summers are
cooled by seasonal
breezes from the
Mediterranean.
The Climate
(Greece vs. Maryland’s)
• The average
temperature in
Greece can range
from a low of 44° to
a high of 89°.
• The average temperature
in Maryland ranges from
a low of 23° to a high of
87°
• The average rainfall
is 15 inches per year in
Greece.
• In Maryland it is over 42
inches.
Ancient greece - terrain
• Greece has a very
scenic landscape.
• The terrain of Greece
is varied.
• There are mountains,
valleys and coasts.
• The high mountains
are separated by
deep valleys through
which rivers flow.
Ancient greece - terrain
• No part of Greece is
more than about forty
miles from the coast
(a couple of days journey on foot).
• There are lots of
islands surrounding
Greece.
• The Greek mainland
is a Peninsula of
Peninsulas!
Soil and Plants
• Vegetation is dependent
on geographical regions.
• Due to the variety of land,
there a some 6,000
indigenous species in
Greece.
• In Ancient Greece,
farmers grew olives, figs,
grain, fruit and grapes in
the fertile valleys.
Soil and plants
• However, other parts of Ancient
Greece had drier soil and less
vegetation, particularly around
the cities.
• Although surrounded by sea
water, they found it difficult to
find fresh water away from the
valleys.
• The high mountains also
prevented large-scale farming,
so the Greeks were forced to
look beyond their own country
for fertile land.
volcanic
• Another important aspect of
the Greek environment is that
it is very unstable.
• Greece is in the middle of a
very volcanic zone, between
the European and African
tectonic plates.
• There are several active
volcanoes and earthquakes
are common.
What does a civilization need to
establish itself and then to flourish?
• Why did the Greeks decide
to build their city-states
where they did?
• City-states in Ancient
Greece were established:
1. A reliable fresh-water source
2. A climate that is suitable for
growing crops
3. A structure for ruling itself from
within (government)
4. A system for protecting itself from
without (military)
1. Near rivers (ex. ILISSOS River in
Athens)
2. Farmed the hillsides outside the
city-state
3. With governments (ex. Democracy
in Athens, Oligarchy in Sparta)
4. Each city-state had its on army.
Also, the city-states were
established near mountains for
added protection.
What have the Greeks
contributed to the world?
• Ancient Greece is
often referred to as,
“the cradle of
Western civilization”
• What is a cradle?
• What is the purpose
of a cradle?
Why the cradle?
•
Countless contributions were
made by the ancient Greeks that
western civilization benefits from
today. These include:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
philosophies (Socrates, Plato,
Aristotle, Hippocrates)
ideas about the scientific world
(Astronomy and Botany)
political systems (democracy)
the English alphabet
The theater (comedy and
tragedy)
Architecture (using stone to build
with, the idea of using columns)
Sports; Marathon and the
Olympic games
Philosophy
•
•
•
•
•
Aristotle
Socrates
Plato
Hippocrates
Pythagoras
The Greek Language
• Greek is part of the
Indo-European
language family.
• Greek is one of the
oldest written
languages spanning
34 centuries of use.
• There are 24 letters in
the language.
Has the Greek language
influenced English?
Greek word
English word
abyssos
abyss
akadimaikos
academic
alergia
allergy
angelos
angel
Biblos
Bible
clima
climate
dimokratia
democracy
geographia
geography
patriotis
patriot
stadio
stadium
xenophobia
xenophobia
zoologia
zoology
Theater: Comedy and Tragedy
• The ancient Greeks built
amphitheaters in their
cities.
• They are credited with
developing the Comedy
and Tragedy that we
know today.
• In general the comedy
has the hero live at the
end and tragedy has the
hero die at the end.
Building with stone
• Architecture – the Greeks
used stone extensively in
their building projects. Over
time they experimented with
and then perfected the use
of the column. (Doric, Ionic,
and Corinthian) Buildings
like the Parthenon are
excellent examples of
Greek architecture.
Athletics
• Olympics - The first Olympic
games were held in 776 BC.
• Marathon - Most large cities in
the world host a running event
known as a marathon. Each
marathon takes runners on a
26.2 mile journey. Why that
distance? In 490 BC a soldier
named Pheidippides ran from a
battlefield at the site of the town
of Marathon, Greece, to
Athens. Legend has it that
Pheidippides delivered the
message "Niki!" ("victory"), then
collapsed and died.
Religion
Christian, Greek
Orthodox - Due to a
difference in the
theological interpretation
of the Bible “The Great
Schism” occurred. A
Schism is a split into
sections in the church.
The great schism
occurred in 1054 AD and
divided the Christian
church into Eastern
(Eastern Orthodox) and
Western (Roman
Catholic).
Time Line
776 BC
about 750 BC
The first Olympic games.
Early Greek culture. Homer '.
writes the epics 'The Iliad' and the
'Odyssey
650 - 580 BC
508 BC
490 and 480 BC
Corinth is ruled by the tyrant Kypselos
and then his son Periander.
Democracy begins in Athens
Greeks defeat Persian invaders at the
battles of Marathon (490 BC)and Salamis
(480 BC).
by 450 BC
Athens becomes a very powerful city,
and controls an empire.
472 - 410 BC
Greeks theatre thrives in Athens. Many of
the most famous Greek plays are written
during this time.
Time line
•
462 - 429 BC
Perikles is the popular leader at Athens
as the general of the Athenian army
432 BC
The Parthenon in Athens is finished
being built.
431 - 404 BC
War between Athens and Sparta (the
Peloponnesian war)
428 BC
The revolt of Mytilene
404 BC
Sparta defeats Athens.
338 BC
Philip, king of Macedonia, takes control
of Greece
336 - 323 BC
Alexander the Great, son of Philip,
conquers most of the known world as far
east as India.
146 BC
Rome conquers Greece - Greece
becomes part of the Roman empire.