Transcript 投影片 1 - Weebly

GAIUS VALERIUS
CATULLUS (84-54 B.C.)
Catullus 84 annō ante Christum nātum Verōnae,
urbe in Italiā septentriōnāli sitā, nātus est
Catullus was born in 84 B.C. in the
city of Verona in northern Italy.
Hic est aspectus hodiernus
Verōnae urbis
This is a present-day view of the
city of Verona
Finēs imperiī Rōmānī 84 annō ante Christum
nātum
The frontiers of the Roman Empire
in 84 B.C. (shown approximately!)
Rōmānī per vītam Catullī nōn tantum terrās novās
subigēbant sed etiam bella inter sē gerēbant
• 88
• 83-82
• 82-72
• 73-71
•
•
•
•
•
67
65
63
58-50
Sulla Rōmam exercitū suō occupāvit
Sulla populārēs in bellō prīmō civīlī
superāvit.
Sertorius, dux populāris, Hispaniam tenēbat
et contra exercitūs ā Rōmā missōs pugnāre
pergēbat
Spartacus servōs in bellō contra dominōs
Rōmānōs dūxit
Pompeius pirātās in Marī Nostrō dēbellāvit
Pompeius Mithridātem rēgem Pontī
vīcit.
Cicerō coniurātiōnem Catilīnae suppressit
Iūlius Caesar Galliam subēgit
Throughout Catullus’s life, the Romans were not only
conquering new lands but also fighting among
themselves.
• 88
• 83-82
• 82-72
• 73-71
• 67
• 65
• 63
• 58-50
Sulla occupied Rome with his army
Sulla defeated the `people’s party’ in the first
civil war
Sertorius, a `people’s party’ leader, controlled
Spain and continued to fight against armies
sent from Rome
Spartacus led the slaves in war against their
Roman masters
Pompey overcame the pirates in the
Mediterranean
Pompey defeated Mithridates, king of Pontus
Cicero put down Catiline’s conspiracy
Julius Caesar conquered Gaul
Sulla 88 annō exercitum suum in Rōmam dūxit
In 88 B.C. Sulla led his army into
Rome
Spartacus, dux rebelliōnis servīlis
Spartacus, leader of the slave
rebellion
(still from the 1960 film starring Kirk
Douglas)
Pompeius 67annō potestātem pirātārum delēvit
In 67 B.C., Pompey destroyed the
power of the pirates
Mithradātes, rēx Pontī, multōs per annōs contra
Rōmānōs pugnābat
Mithridates, King of Pontus, fought
for many years against the Romans
Cicerō in senātū oratiōnem contra
Catilīnam habuit
In 63 B.C., Cicero denounced
Catiline in the senate (fresco by
Cesare Maccari,c.1888)
Vercingetorix, dux Gallus, annō 52 ante
Christum nātum sē Caesārī dēdidit
Vercingetorix, the Gallic leader, surrendered to
Caesar in 52 B.C.
(Plutarch tells the story of his riding up on a white
horse, but this is not mentioned in Caesar’s own
memoirs and unfortunately is probably unhistorical!
The painting (1899) is by French artist Lionel-Noël
Royer
Iūlius Caesar, qui post Catullum mortuum dictātor
Rōmae factus est, erat amīcus patris Catullī
Julius Caesar, who after Catullus’s
death became dictator of Rome,
was a friend of Catullus’s father
Imperium Rōmānum annō 54 ante Christum.
nātum, quō Catullus mortem obīit
The Roman empire in 54 B.C. , when
Catullus died
(The frontiers are approximations but note
the addition of Gaul (modern France), and of
Syria and Palestine)
Catullus multa carmina de amīca suā `Lesbia’ scrīpsit. Carmen quod hīc vidētis
apud tutūbulum (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tmNxgiFtbj4&feature=related)
audīre potestis
• Vīvāmus, mea Lesbia, atque amēmus,
rūmōrēsque senum sevēriōrum
omnēs ūnius aestimēmus assis!
sōlēs occidere et redīre possunt:
nōbis cum semel occidit brevis lūx,
nox est perpetua ūna dormienda.
dā mī bāsia mīlle, deinde centum,
dein mille altera, dein secunda centum,
deinde usque altera mīlle, deinde centum.
dein, cum mīlia multa fēcerīmus,
conturbābimus illa, nē sciāmus,
aut nē quis malus inuidēre possit,
cum tantum sciat esse bāsiōrum.
Translated by Gilbert Highet (Poets in a
Landscape, p.31)
Life, my Lesbia, life and love for ever!
All that gossip of grave and reverend eldersclose your ears to it! It’s not worth a penny
Suns can sink and return again next morning:
our brief day, when it once has been extinguished
must pass into a sleep that has no waking.
Give me kisses – a thousand, then a hundred,
one more thousand and then another hundred,
then one thousand again and still , and still a hundred,
After that, when we’ve run up many thousands,
let’s destroy the accounting and forget it,
so no envious character can hurt us
When he hears we have had so many kisses
Sed mox amor inimīcitia fierī incēpit
Ōdī et amō. Quārē id faciam, fortasse requīris.
Nesciō, sed fierī sentiō et excrucior.
I hate and I love. Perhaps you ask why I do that.
I don’t know, but I feel it happening and I’m in agony.
Quis erat `Lesbia’?
????
• Eratne puella quam Catullus tantum animō
suō fīnxit?
• Eratne, ut plērīque scholārēs crēdunt,
Clōdia, soror politicī populāris P. Clōdiī et
uxor C. Metellī Celeris?
• Was she a girl who Catullus simply imagined?
• Was she, as most scholars believe, Clodia,
sister of `popular party’ politician P. Clodius
Pulcher and wife of Q. Metellus Celer?
The illustration was taken from:
http://www.users.globalnet.co.uk/~loxias/catullus.htm (which has
examples of other poems by Catullus, Propertius and Sulpicia, the
only female poet from this period whose work has not been lost)
In hāc picturā, pictor Batāvus-Britannus Catullum
apud `Lesbiam’ imagināvit.
In this 1865 picture a Dutch-British painter,
Sir Lawrence Alma-Tadema, imagined
Catullus at Lesbia’s house
Catullum rēs politicae minimē tenēbant sed per
complūrēs mēnsēs annō 57/56 ante Christum nātum
adiūtor erat prōpraetōris quī Bīthȳniam prōvinciam
administrābat
Catullus had little interest in politics but for a
few months in 57/56 B.C. he was on the staff
of the governor of the province of Bithynia
Ad sepulcrum frātris suī in illā
regiōne iter facere poterat
He was able to make a journey to
the tomb of his brother in that area
(the tomb shown is not his brother’s
but illustrates a typical design)
In memoriam frātris hōs versūs
tristēs et praeclārōs scrīpsit:
Multās per gentēs et multa per aequora vectus
advenio hās miserās, frāter, ad inferiās,
ut tē postrēmō dōnārem mūnere mortis
et mūtam nēquīquam alloquerer cinerem.
Quandoquidem fortūna mihī tēte abstulit ipsum,
heu miser indigne frāter adēmpte mihī,
nunc tamen intereā haec, priscō quae mōre parentum
trādita sunt tristī mūnere ad inferiās,
accipe frāternō multum mānantia flētū,
atque in perpetuum, frāter, avē atque valē.
He wrote these sad and famous verses in memory
of his brother. Here is Gilbert Highet’s translation
(Poets in a Landscape, p.21-22)
Through many nations, over many seas, I travelled to
pay this service, brother, with my tears:
to lay these final offerings upon your grave,
and, to your voiceless ashes, speak in vain.
Since fate has taken you from me, brother, for ever,
poor brother, carried off before your time,
now let me satisfy the ancient sad tradition
and do this sacrifice upon your tomb.
Receive it, and receive my tears of love and mourning:
and so for ever, brother, hail and farewell
Ecce Lacus Bēnācus, quī nunc `Lago di Garda’
vocātur, et Sirmiō prōmonturium. Catullus
fundum hīc habēbat.
Here is Lake Benacus, now called Lake
Garda (Italian `Lago di Garda’) and the
promontory of Sermione,
where Catullus had a farm
Trādunt hanc vīllam Catullī fuisse sed rēvērā
ruīnae sunt palātiī post poētae mortem aedificātae
The traditional story is that this was
Catulus’s villa but in fact the ruins are of a
palace built after the poet’s death
Catullus, ex Āsiā ad Sirmiōnem reversus,
hōs versūs scrīpsit
Paene insulārum, Sirmio, īnsulārumque
ocelle, quāscumque in liquentibus stagnīs
marīque vastō fert uterque Neptūnus,
quam tē libenter quamque laetus invīsō,
vix mī ipse crēdēns Thȳniam atque Bithȳnos
līquisse campōs et vidēre tē in tūtō!
O quid solūtīs est beātius cūrīs,
cum mēns onus repōnit ac peregrīnō
labōre fessī vēnimus larem ad nostrum,
dēsīderātōque acquiēscimus lectō?
hoc est quod ūnum est prō labōribus tantīs.
salvē, ō venusta Sirmiō, atque erō gaudē;
gaudēte vōsque, Lȳdiae lacūs undae:
rīdēte, quicquid est domī cachinnōrum!
Catullus wrote these lines after returning from Asia
Minor to Sirmio (translated by Gilbert Highet, Poets
in a Landscape, p.41)
Of all the islands and of all the almost-isles
Which Neptune, god of water, set among clear lakes
And in vast seas, you, Sirmio, are sole bright gem,
With what relief and gladness now I see your face,
Scarcely believing I have left the far-off lands
Of Asia, and can gaze upon you safe and sound!
Ah, what is nearer heaven than relief long-sought,
When the mind drops its burdens, when we, still worn out
With travel and exhaustion, reach at least our home
And lay our bodies down to rest in the longed-for bed?
For all our labours this is surely rich reward.
Now greetings, lovely Sirmio, and share my bliss!
Enjoy it too, you waters of the Lydian lake:
And all the jollity of home, come on, laugh! laugh!
Tennyson’s poem after visiting Sirmio
(Poetical Works, p.533)
Row us out from Desenzano, to your Sirmione row!
So they row’d, and there we landed - `O venusta Sirmio!’
There to me thro’ all the groves of olives in the summer
glow,
There beneath the Roman ruin where the purple flowers
grow,
Came that `Ave atque Vale’ of the Poet’s hopeless woe,
Tenderest of Roman poets nineteen-hundred years ago,
`Frater Ave atque Vale’ – as we wander’d to and fro
Gazing at the Lydian laughter of the Garda lake below
Sweet Catullus’s all-but-island, olive-silvery Sirmio!
Yeats on Catullus (`The Scholars’, Collected
Poems, p.158)
Bald heads forgetful of their sins,
Old, learned, respectable bald heads
Edit and annotate the lines
That young men, tossing on their beds,
Rhymed out in lover’s despair
To flatter beauty’s ignorant ear.
All shuffle there; all cough in ink;
All wear the carpet with their shoes;
All think what other people think;
All know the man their neighbour knows.
Lord, what would they say
Did their Catullus walk their way?
References
•
Translations of Catullus’s poems, and the texts of Tennyson and Yeats, are taken
from Gilbert Highet, Poets in a Landscape, London: Hamish Hamilton, 1957
(Paperback reprint, NYRB Classics, 2010).
•
Recent books on Catullus:
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William Fitzgerald. Catullan Provocations: Lyric Poetry and the Drama of Position (Classics
and Contemporary Thought, 1), University of California Press, 2000.
Julia Haig Gaisser. Catullus (Blackwell Introductions to the Classical World), Wiley-Blackwell,
2009.
John Godwin. Reading Catullus (Greece and Rome Live), Bristol Phoenix Press, University
of Exeter, 2008
Charles Martin. Catullus. Yale University Press, 2009. [full translation including `obscene’
passages]
T.P..Wiseman. Catullus and his World: a Reappraisal. Cambridge University Press, 2008
[arguing for the essential difference of the period and its values from ours and including an
appendix of references to Catullus in Roman sources]]
David Wray Catullus and the Poetics of Roman Manhood. Cambridge University Press,
2001
Internet resources on Catullus include:
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http://www.negenborn.net/catullus/ (translations into many languages including Chinese)
http://www.vroma.org/~abarker/catulluslinks.html (a collection of links to other sites)
http://polyaplatinlit07-08.wikispaces.com/Catullus (text of poems with interlinear translation)
http://www.guardian.co.uk/culture/charlottehigginsblog/2009/nov/24/catullus-mark-lowe (on
a particularly explicit line from the poet which figured in a British court case)