Transcript Introduction to Chapter 18

Chapter 18-1
The Later Middle Ages
Popes and King
Put these in the Correct Order
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Invaders attack much of
Europe
Towns and trade grow
Charlemagne creates a
huge Christian Empire
Missionaries spread
Christianity to Europe
Feudalism develops in
Europe
True of False: Choose the letters of
the True Statements
a. In England and France, kings
were elected to their thrones
b. In England and France, kings
inherited their thrones from their
fathers
c. People who committed minor
offences could be
excommunicated.
d. People who committed serious
offenses could be
excommunicated.
e. Popes and kings had the most
power in the later Middle Ages
f. Nobles and knights had the
most power in the later Middle
Ages.
Copy Chapter 18 Terms
p. 523
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Excommunicate
Pope Gregory VII
Emperor Henry IV
Crusades
Holy Land
Pope Urban II
King Richard I
Saladin
Clergy
Religious Order
Francis of Assisi
Friars
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Thomas Aquinas
Natural Law
Magna Carta
Parliament
Hundred Years’ War
Joan of Arc
Black Death
Heresy
Reconquista
King Ferdinand
Queen Isabella
Spanish Inquisition
Complete the Timeline Questions
Explore the Timeline
p. 521
1. About how long did the Crusades last?
2. While Crusaders fought for control of the
Holy Land, what was happening in Japan?
3. About how long did the Black Death last?
Chapter 18-1 Guided Questions
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
What two people shared power in Europe after feudalism
declined?
Whom might a pope choose to excommunicate?
Why did some popes eventually begin to live like royalty?
How did becoming king in England and France differ from how it
was done in the Holy Roman Empire?
In what region did many bishops not recognize the pope’s
authority?
Why did Pope Leo IX believe that all church officials should
answer to him?
What might have happened if Leo IX had not excommunicated
the bishop of Constantinople?
What compromise solved the conflict over who had the right to
choose bishops?
Why do you think a king would want to select bishops himself?
Popes and Kings
524-527
• In the early Middle Ages, who had a great deal of
power in Europe?
– As time passed, power shifted into the hands of the popes
and kings.
• Looking at the title “popes and kings,” what kind of
government can you guess they had?
– Feudalism in Europe declined and popes gained both
spiritual power and political power.
• What was the popes job during the early Middle
Ages?
– Together the popes and kings controlled most of European
Society.
Jobs of the Pope
• Head of Christian Church in Western Europe
• God’s representative on earth to Christian people in
Europe
• Wrote “the bull” which said what the church could
teach and its policies
• Punish or Excommunicate people working against
the church, which was feared greatly
• Political Leader for the area of the fallen Roman
Empire and area became known as the Holy Roman
Empire because the Pope elected its leaders
• Popes lived like royalty in huge palaces
Because of the power of the popes,
they often clashed with the legitimate
political leaders, the kings.
King and Power
• All of the small states in Europe were ruled by
kings (see map 525)
• Most powerful kings were in France, England,
and the Holy Roman Empire
• Kings in France and England inherited their
thrones (dynasty)
– Power through alliances and warfare
The Holy Roman Empire
• The Holy Roman Empire grew out of what was
Charlemagne’s Empire
– Saw as the rebirth of the Roman Empire
• Leaders of the Holy Roman Empire were elected by
the pope and did not inherit their crowns
– The Emperors were elected by nobles
• Sometimes these elections led to fights between the
nobles and the Emperors
– In the worst fights, emperors would call on the pope for
help
Let’s Gossip about the two biggest
fights between the kings and popes
• The Great Schism of 1054
– Create a split in the Christian Church
• The Clash of 1073
– Pope shows the king who is boss
Popes vs. Kings
Gossip Column Assignment
• Write a Newspaper Gossip Column about the
– “Great Schism of 1054” with Pope Leo IX (page 526 Popes fight for power)
OR
– “The Clash of 1073” with Pope Gregory VII and Emperor Henry IV (527
Kings and Popes Clash)
• Criteria
– Groups of 2 or can be done individually
– Column must include a Catchy Title
– Columns must explain the controversy completely (so what are they
arguing about and what happens)
– Must include some opinionated views from the writer
– Include slang or sarcasm
• Include slang or sarcasm such as lol, Omg, like, really, epic fail, rotfl,
etc…
ALL GOSSIP MUST BE TRUE IN THIS CASE!!
Main Idea 2:
Popes fought for power, leading
to a permanent split within the
church.
Although the people of western Europe considered the pope the head
of the church, eastern European people disagreed.
Pope Leo
• Pope Leo IX believed that all Christians should answer to
the pope, and that the pope should be the leader of the
whole Christian church.
• The bishop of Constantinople disagreed with Pope Leo and
wouldn’t recognize his authority, so Pope Leo
excommunicated him.
• This decision created a permanent split in the church. The
Eastern Orthodox Church was formed by Christians who
agreed with the bishop.
• The rest of the church became known as the Roman
Catholic Church. The pope became one of the most
powerful figures in western Europe.
Main Idea 3:
Kings and popes clashed over
some issues.
As popes continued to try to increase their power, they came into
conflict with kings.
Power Struggle
• Pope Gregory VII came to power in Rome.
• The pope disapproved of a bishop chosen by the Holy
Roman Emperor, Henry IV.
• Henry became angry and tried to have the pope removed;
however, the pope excommunicated Henry.
• Henry had to beg the pope for forgiveness to get back into
the church.
• This incident made the pope more powerful than the
emperor at that time.
Info to Know
The Great Schism of 1054 was the split between the Eastern
and Western Christian Churches. In 1054, relations
between the Greek speaking Eastern of the Byzantine
empire and the Latin speaking Western traditions within
the Christian Church reached a terminal crisis. This crisis
led to the separation between the Eastern and Western
churches and is referred to as the Great Schism of 1054.
The Christian Church split along doctrinal, theological,
linguistic, political, and geographic lines. The split, the
Great Schism of 1054, led to the development of the
modern Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches.
Info to Know
A person who was excommunicated was denied
the sacraments of the church, including mass
and confession. Because rulers were believed
to rule by the authority of God, an
excommunicated king or emperor had no right
to rule.
Popes vs. Kings
Gossip Column Assignment
What is gossip?
What is catchy?