Transcript THE CITY-STATE AND DEMOCRACY_SPARTA AND ATHENS

THE CITY-STATE AND
DEMOCRACY
The people of Greece shared a common
language and common beliefs, but
politically they were divided
Greece was organized into separate
city-states which were cities and their
surrounding lands
• Athens and Sparta were the largest Greek
city-states
• The center of city life was the agora. This
was an open space were people came for
business and public gatherings
• Many cities had a fortified hilltop called an
acropolis (highest city)
• Monarchy, oligarchy, and rule by a tyrant
were different political systems used in
Greece.
• Each city-state was independent and the
people figured out what type of
government worked best for them
• Most Greek city-states started out as
monarchies, or governments ruled by a
king or queen
• Some city-states were ruled by an
oligarchy, or rule by the few
• In an oligarchy the rulers are the wealthy
and land owners.
• In a monarchy, the rulers are aristocrats
(upper class or nobility) who inherit their
title or their position.
• Because the poor people were not part of any of the
governments they sometimes rebelled
• In Greece a tyrant was someone who acted like a king
without being of royal birth
• Some Greek tyrants worked to help the poor by
creating jobs or canceling debts that they owed to the
wealthy
• Tyrants were important in the development of
democracy. They showed that if common people
joined together behind a leader that they could have a
positive impact on their own lives
• Athens built a limited democracy
• The Ancient Greeks invented the idea of
citizenship
• In Ancient Greece only upper class
citizens had power
• In 594 B.C. Solon was elected to lead
Athens. He made a law that no citizen
could be enslaved
In 500 B.C. Cleisthenes increased the citizens power
even more by taking away power from the nobles
and made it so that any citizen could now vote on
laws
The Athenians were moving towards a democracy, a
government where citizens make political decisions
The Athenians had a direct democracy. This means
all the citizens get together to decide on the laws.
In the U.S. we have an indirect democracy because
we elect representatives to make the laws
Athens had a limited democracy because it
did not include all of the people who lived
in the city-state, because only free adult
male citizens could vote
Women, slaves, and foreigners could not
take part in the government and
non-citizens could not become citizens
HAPPY
SAINT
PATRICK’S
DAY
Sparta and Athens
A. Sparta’s military state
1) Sparta was the main rival of Athens
2) In 715 B.C. Sparta conquered a neighboring
area to gain land and this conquest changed
Sparta.
3 )Spartan society emphasized military strength
and building a strong army because it
needed to keep the helots (slaves) in
submission.
B. Government and Sparta
1) Sparta’s government was part monarchy,
part oligarchy, and part democracy.
2) There were three groups in Spartan society;
the citizens, he non-citizens, and the helots.
C. Education
1) The goal of Spartan society was to have a
strong army.
2) At age seven, boys moved into military
barracks. They were trained in discipline, duty,
strength, military skills, and some reading.
3) All male citizens entered the army at age 20
and served until age 60
* if they chose to get married they still had to
eat with their fellow soldiers
D. Women
1) Spartan society expected it’s women to be tough,
emotionally and physically.
2) Spartan education for girls focused on athletic
training and teaching them how to defend
themselves.
3) Family life was less important in Sparta than in
other Greek city-states.
4) Women were allowed to own property
5) A wife was in charge of her husband’s property if
he was at war
Athens’ Democratic Way of Life
Athens had two governing bodies
A. Government and Society
1) Athens two governing bodies were: The Council
of the Four Hundred and the Assembly
2) Citizens served in the armies and on juries
3) Foreigners, women and slaves were not citizens.
4) Citizens were organized into four classed based
on income
5) Slaves made up 1/3 of the population.
B. Education
1) Boys of wealthy families started school at 6 or 7
2) They studied logic, public speaking, reading,
writing, poetry, arithmetic, music, and engaged in
athletic activities.
C. Women
1) Athenians expected women to be good wives and
mothers
2) The roles of women in society were respected
because they helped to keep the family and
society and strong.
3) Athenian women could only inherit property if their
father had no sons
4) Girls did not go to school
5) Only few girls could read and write
The Persian Wars
1) Persia conquered much of Southwest Asia
2) A king and a highly organized government ruled the
resulting empire
3) In 500 B.C. Persia conquered Anatolia
4) In 499 B.C. some Greeks in Anatolia revolted against
Persia
5) Athens sent ships and soldiers to help the Greeks in
the revolt
6) In 490 B.C. the Persians attacked Greece, near
Athens on the Plain of Marathon.
7) The Athenians/Greece won by using a clever plan
A. Greek Victory
1) In 480 B.C. Persia invaded Greece again
2) An Army of 300 Spartans held the pass at
Thermopylae to stop a Persian army from
reaching Athens
3) The Athenians left their city to fight a naval battle
against Persia
4) The Greeks sunk about 300 Persian ships
5) The Greeks beat Persia
Create a T chart comparing and
contrasting the lives those who live
in Sparta and Athens. You can
compare: every aspect, those of
women, and or those of men.
EXAMPLE:
Athenian women l Spartan women
_________________l_________________
l l l -
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