Transcript BFS-Competency-4-Health-Care-Timeline

Health Care Timeline
HCCC 1215 Introduction to
Health Careers I
1200s
Only Men Considered
Pure and Intelligent
• Monks cared for the poor,
ill and dying.
• Skills were passed from
each monk to a younger
monk.
1200s
Crusader Knights Care
for Fellow Soldiers
• Young healthy men
participated in the
crusades. Considered too
dangerous for women and
the elderly.
• Elderly and young females
provided care for the
village people while many
of the men were traveling
with the crusades.
1775-1783
American Revolutionary War
• Soldiers fighting in the war
cared for wounded and
dying.
• Women supported the war
effort by preparing supplies
and caring for the children
and people who were not
fighting.
1800s
Rapid Immigration to
the American Colonies
• With the increase of people
moving of America along
came diseases that had
never been seen before like
typhoid, cholera and
tuberculosis.
• Ill primarily cared for by
their family or women who
were poorer.
1800s
Rapid Immigration to
the American Colonies
• Poor women considered
the best for the job
because the rich did not
want to become sick or do
such tasks (Manthey, 2010).
1828
First Dental School Opens
• First dentists arrived in
1700s as immigrated from
other countries.
• Were called the “barbersurgeons” because they
worked as town barber and
doctor.
• First dental school opened
in Bainbridge, OH in 1828
(Manthey, 2010)
1830
Florence Nightingale
Becomes a Nurse
• Florence Nightingale
becomes a nurse and
begins push for nursing
education and practice
standards for quality
patient care (Kavanagh, 2003).
1840
Expansion of American Cities
Leads to Overcrowding
• Chicago grows from 5000
people in 1840 to 1 million
by 1900s.
• With the population
growth increase in public
housing, sewage, pollution
and spread of disease
(Shryock, 1959)
1850s
Blood-letting a
Common Practice
• Barber-surgeons practice
blood letting where
removing some of the
patient’s blood was
thought to help rid the
body of illness.
• The red and white barber
pole is said to have been a
symbol of red for blood and
white for the tourniquet or
bandage.
1850s
Blood-letting a
Common Practice
• Now phlebotomy (medical
term phleb- vein and
otomy- cutting into) is an
extremely valuable
diagnostic procedure many
individuals routinely have
completed now days.
1861-1865
Civil War Divides
the Nation
• Thousands of soldiers not
only die from fighting
injuries, but illnesses and
malnutrition due to poor
living and eating
conditions.
• Medical care primarily was
done by fellow soldiers and
loves ones (Sartin, 2003).
1875
1st Nursing Student
Graduates from
American Colleges
• Women begin to graduate
from nursing schools in
America (Bullough, 2004).
1891
First X-ray Taken
• Medical break through
when creating x-rays had
been discovered by
accident (Manthey, 2010).
1903
Electrocardiogram
Machine Invented
• Wm. Einthoven invents first
electrocardiogram machine
which measured the
electrical currents of the
heart.
• The first machine weighed
over 500 lbs. and took 6
people operate the
machine (Manthey, 2010).
1914-1918
World War I
• WW I Medical care and
supplies needed for war
efforts.
• Different categories of
medical workers such as
attendants, practical
nurses, and technicians
become popular (Sione, 2010).
1914
First Physical Therapy
School Opens in America
• Physical therapy commonly
seen after WW I and WW
II.
• Outpatient services start to
be seen around 1960-70s
when insurance and
government programs help
to cover costs.
1914
First Physical Therapy
School Opens in America
• By 1970-80s branches of
therapy begin with such
categories such as
cardiopulmonary and
orthopedic therapy (Fairman,
2006).
1916
America Polio Epidemic
Begins to Affect Thousands
• Diseases like tuberculosis
and polio began to spread
rapidly across the nation.
• Local and government
officials worked frantically
to try and control the wide
spread of diseases.
• Polio treatment wards are
started (Houser & Player, 2004).
1917
National Society for the
Promotion of Occupational
Therapy founded
• 1840-60s physical exercise,
reading and daily work
tasks used with treatment
of people with mental
illness.
• 1860-1900s focus on Civil
War and helping people
attempt to return to
normal lifestyles after all
devastation and injuries.
1917
Society for the Promotion of
Occupational Therapy
founded
• 1917-1930 Occupational
Therapy approach being
practiced throughout the
nation.
• 1940s this type of therapy
could be found all over
helping rehabilitate WW I
veterans and has continued
to be readily available
(Fairman, 2008).
1918
Increased Number of
Hospitals and Medical
Training
• In 1873, there were
approximately 150 hospitals
in the nation.
• By 1918, there were over
7,000 facilities.
• Laws also passed about
training for all social classes
and increased public health
practices to improve living
conditions and try to control
the spread of diseases (Arndt,
2009).
1932
State and Federal Programs
Created to Improve Health
and Educational Training
• Numerous laws and reports
presented during the early
1930s with the intent to
improve the health and
educational training of
Americans after WW I and
the Great Depression (Neal,
2010).
1939-1945
World War II
• Most men involved in the
WW II fighting.
• Rapid increase of women
entering health care and
other jobs.
• Numerous funding by
Congress to support health
care education training and
ensure strong wages when
men began to return to their
jobs (Campbell, 1990).
1950s
Advanced Medical
Discoveries and Procedures
• Discovery of antibiotics and
extensive organ surgeries
or diagnostic tests that
forever change the health
care industry.
• 1958- National Defense
Education Act focused on
increasing funds and
programs for additional
medical training programs
(Fairman, 2008).
1960s
Medicare and
Medicaid Benefits
• President Lyndon Johnson’s Great
Society programs included the
establishment of Medicare and
Medicaid benefits as a form of
national health insurance plan.
• Another program was the Health
Professional Education Assistance
Act which allocated funds to
promote the advancement of
health education.
• Also, programs and funds to
address racial justice and attempt
to eliminate poverty (Brown-Collier,
1998).
1961
Electronic Medical Record
(EMR)
• Doctors had been keeping
medical notes on their
patients since around the
1800s.
• Paper documentation was
used during the early 1900s,
but often records were
incomplete or not found due
to the caregivers’ primary
focus was providing services
to the patient.
1961
Electronic Medical Record
(EMR)
• 1960s- A small number of
larger hospitals or medical
facilities used computers
for medical record keeping.
• Late 1970s- Apple IIe
computer became popular
and businesses and
educational facilities began
to use electronic health
billing and records (Fairman,
2008).
1968
Association of Operating
Room Technicians Founded
• Surgical technicians had been
primarily created during WW
I, WW II, Korean and Vietnam
Wars.
• The nurses were often
needed to work in the
hospital settings and had not
been available to help with
surgeries.
• Other individuals were then
trained to help with the
surgical procedures.
1970s
Development of Many Health
Care Related Regulations or
Guidelines
• 1970s Occupational Safety
and Health Act (OSHA)
created to enhance work
place safety.
• 1971-Hospice, Inc.
established and training
about comfort care in
home settings began.
1970s
Development of Many Health
Care Related Regulations or
Guidelines
• 1972- Basic Education
Opportunity (Pell Grants)
created to provide financial
support for low-income students
to obtain higher education
training
• 1976-1992- “Reagonomics” term
used to discuss President Ronal
Regan’s economic policies
established to decrease inflation
and promote creativity of people
relying on government
assistance alone. IRA and 401K
plans began to develop (Kudlow,
2004).
1980s
HIV/AIDS
• Center for Disease Control
and Prevention reported 5
cases of AIDS in the U.S.
• Sparked significant safety
and social changes (Richert,
2009).
1990s
Additional Standards
Added to OSHA Guidelines
• Personal Protective
Equipment and Hazard
Communication standards
were added to the OSHA
guidelines.
• Healthcare facilities
required to change policies
and procedures, provide
employee training and
auditing for compliance
(Foulke, 2008).
1990s
Quality and Safety Issues
• Increased promotion of
healthcare careers
specialty certification
training in addition to
regular job titles.
• Increased concerns about
receiving safe and quality
care sparks additional
training and procedures
within healthcare facilities.
1990s
Quality and Safety Issues
• Americans with Disability
Act civil right protection
and equal opportunities for
individuals with disabilities
related to public
accommodations,
employment,
transportation and
telecommunication.
1990s
Quality and Safety Issues
• Evidence-based Practice,
critical thinking skills and
strategies promote quality
care and use of scholarly
researched medical
support to why certain
patient care practices were
being done the way they
are and why were being
used (Fairman, 2008; McCleary-Jones,
205).
2000s
Additional Healthcare
Career Related Changes
• Increased population greater
than 65 years old requiring
healthcare services due to
chronic diseases.
• Medical field began to
embrace a “holistic”
approach to providing health
care services which support
the patient’s mental, physical
and spiritual needs versus
just one category area.
2000s
Additional Healthcare
Career Related Changes
• 2000- OSHA Needlestick
Prevention and Safety Act
became public law
• Healthcare facilities and
schools continue to address
cultural awareness and
practice training.
2000s
Additional Healthcare
Career Related Changes
• Pell Grant utilization grew from
176,000 in 1973 to over 5 million
in 2007.
• Ongoing technological
advancements with personal
and health care delivery
equipment.
• World Health Organization and
other international committees
continue to promote cost
effective an quality car for all
individuals (Fairman, 2008; Foulke,
2008).
2010-current
Baby Boomers
Retiring and Aging
• Thousands of people born
during the “Baby Boomer”
generation are retiring and
leaving health care workforce.
• Many are also requiring health
care due to aging process.
• Major concerns there will be
more people to care for and not
enough healthcare workers of
the next generations to
adequately provide medical care
(Mittleman, 2010).