Transcript Ancient Greece

Opening
 In your NOTEBOOK, answer the following question
 What do you know about Greece (ancient or now)
 Write down at least THREE SENTENCES
The Geography
Bronze Age Greece
Greece
 The sea- Shaped Greek life just like the river valleys
did.
-Mediterranean, Ionian and Aegean seas
-Over 2,000 islands.
Seas important because transportation, trade and
Greece became more connected with other cultures.
 The Land
-Mountains cover ¾ of ancient Greece.
-Led to many separate smaller communities.
-The Greeks developed smaller gov’ts not one large one.
***Greece had a small population WHY?
 Small population because
 Little fertile farmland=not much food=smaller
populations
Crete: Minoan Civilization
(Palace at Knossos)
Knossos: Minoan Civilization
Minoan Civilization
Mycenaean Civilization
 Greek mainland.
 Warrior kings/fortified cities---1600-1100 B.C.
 Became sea traders.
Contact
 They also adapted the Minoan writing system, art,
politics literature and religious practices.
 Western civilizations roots can be traced back to the
Mycenaean and Minoans.
The Mycenaean Civilization
The Trojan War
 A 10 year war fought between the Mycenaeans (Greek)
and Troy
 Reason: Over a kidnapped princess, Helen
 The Greeks win and Troy is destroyed
 For years many believed the war never took place but
in 1870 archaeological evidence showed it did.
The Trojan War
The Trojan Horse
The Dorians
 After the Trojan War, the Mycenaean civ. collapsed.
 The Dorians, took over.
 Not as advanced
 Sum it up- Greek society(writing, art, etc) died and
was lost during this period.
 NO writing so oral traditions start.
 The greatest story teller was a blind man named
Homer.
Do Now
 Please answer the following questions:
 1) Describe the geography of Greece?
 2) Why did Greece have a small population?
 3) Name one civilization that contributed to Western
society (located in Greece).
Homer
 Little is know about his life.
 Wrote epics narrative poems about heroic deeds
around 750-700B.C.
 The Iliad (Trojan War)and The Odyssey.
The Iliad
 Wrote about the arete --virtue and excellence. (show it
on the battlefield and in athletic competition)
Myths
 Are traditional stories about their gods
 They explained the changing seasons, disasters,
nature, etc.
 Gods- Zeus, Hera, Athena, Apollo.
Homer: The “Heroic Age”
Polis
 Was made up of a city and its surrounding
countryside. (like a city-state)
 Around 50-500 square miles big.
 Each polis had a fortified building on a hilltop called
and acropolis.
Types of Governments in
Greece
 Monarchy- A single person (king) rules.
 Aristocracy- A gov’t ruled by a small group of people.
(rich families/landowners)
 Oligarchy- A gov’t ruled by a few powerful people
(they took power away from the aristocracy)
 Tyrants- Leaders who took power in order to help the
common man (not harsh or cruel).
AND
Democracy
 Democracy-rule by the people
 Took place in Athens where each citizen participated
in the decision making process.
Myth Project
 Grab a piece of paper and
 1) I would like you to write a MYTH
 2) It can be about anything (Greeks wrote about the
changing seasons, disasters, fire, storms, nature, gods,
etc)
 3) MUST be at least 3 paragraphs.
I would like you to write a MYTH
2) It can be about anything (Greeks wrote about the changing seasons, disasters,
fire, storms, nature, gods, etc)
3) MUST be at least 3 paragraphs.
•Why does the sun rise and set
everyday?
•How do plants grow?
•Who place the stars in the sky?
•What is love, war, jealousy?
•What is lightning and thunder?
•Why does the moon change
shape?
•Why are some things beautiful?
•How do families work?
•Where does fire come from?
•How did the world form?
•What makes a volcano erupt?
•How do birds fly?
•Where does snow come from?
•Why is there evil in the world?
•Who makes the waves?
•Why do humans have different emotions?
Do Now
 Define the terms, first WITHOUT using your
notebook.
1)Monarchy
2) Oligarchy
3) Aristocracy
4) Tyrant
5) Direct Democracy
Take out your myths
Types of Governments in
Greece
 Monarchy- A single person (king) rules.
 Aristocracy- A gov’t ruled by a small group of people.
(rich families/landowners)
 Oligarchy- A gov’t ruled by a few powerful people
(they took power away from the aristocracy)
 Tyrants- Leaders who took power in order to help the
common man (not harsh or cruel).
 Democracy-rule by the people
Education (Athens)
 Sons of the wealthy received education
-Studied logic, math, public speaking, reading etc.
-Athletic Activities
-Older students went to military school.
 Women- educated at home
- Learned child care, household chores etc,
- Had very little to do outside the home.
Sparta
 Located in southern part of Greece.
 Were a military state.
 Around 725 B.C. they started conquering their
neighbors. (Messenia)
 Created helots (peasants forced to stay on the land
they worked).
 The helots gave ½ of crop to Spartans.
Spartan Society
 Top-Citizens with original descendants
 Free non citizens (merchants)
 The helots
 Slaves
 Sparta had the most powerful army in Greece.
 Put no value in art or literature, ONLY the military.
 Military
- Men from age 7-60 served
- Women
- Put military in front of family (“come back with your
shield or on it”)
- Had a lot of freedoms when husband was away.
Do Now
 Please answer the following question:
 Would you rather lived in Athens or Sparta?
EXPLAIN your choice!!!!!!!!!!
Persian Wars: 499 BCE – 480 BCE
Players in the War
 Persia (Darius the Great then his son Xerxes) vs the
Greek city states
 Phalanx- military maneuver were foot soldiers stood
side by side holding a spear in one hand and a shield in
another.
Persian Wars: Famous Battles
$
Marathon (490 BCE) Greece won
 26 miles from Athens (Olympics)
$
Thermopylae (480 BCE) Persia won
 300 Spartans at the Mountain pass
$
Salamis (480 BCE) Greece won
 Athenian navy victorious
Outcomes
 Persians lose the war and our driven out of Greek land
 Athens becomes the most powerful polis (in the
Delian League).
 Athens would enter its brief golden age.
Golden “Age of Pericles”:
461 BCE – 429 BCE
Pericles and Democracy
 His three goals:
 1) To strengthen Athenian democracy
 2) To hold and strength the empire
 3) To glorify Athens
 Direct Democracy: a form of government in which
citizens rule directly and not through representatives.
 Is this similar to the United States system of
democracy?
Pericles Achievements
 The Parthenon- a temple to honor the goddess of
wisdom Athena.
 Classical art- art that has harmony, order , beauty, and
balance.
Phidias’ Acropolis
Great Athenian Philosophers (lovers of
wisdom)
$ Socrates

Know thyself!

question everything

only the pursuit of goodness
brings happiness.

70 years old he was brought to trial
for “corrupting the youth of Athens”

Sentenced to death- drank hemlock
(poison)
$ Plato
 Student of Socrates
 The Academy (his school)
 The world of the FORMS
 The Republic  philosopher is
king
Great Athenian Philosophers
$ Aristotle
 “Golden Mean” [everything in
moderation].
 Logic
 Alexander the Great his
student.
 1) Finish T-Shirts
 2) Venn Diagram: Sparta v. Athens
 3)Please answer the following question:
 Would you rather lived in Athens or Sparta?
EXPLAIN your choice!!!!!!!!!!
Do Now
 Please answer the following questions:
 Who was Homer?
 Who has power in a democracy?
 Who is in control in a Monarchy?
30 Second Commercial
 In groups, you will create a 30 second commercial
talking about the different types of government in
ancient Greece.
 Each group will be given one government either
Monarchy, Aristocracy, Oligarchy, Tyrants or direct
democracy. PAGE 128 in the TEXTBOOK
 Create a 30 second commercial telling what your
government is (definition) and why it’s the best. You
can make it serious or funny.
 You WILL BE GRADED
30 Second Commercial
 In groups, you will create a 30 second commercial
talking about achievements of the Greeks.
 Each group will be given discuss at least three
achievements given to the world from the Greeks.
PAGE 134-139 in the TEXTBOOK
 Create a 30 second commercial telling what the
achievements were and how they impacted the world.
You can make it serious or funny.
 You WILL BE GRADED
Do Now
 Please answer the following questions:
 Define the term direct democracy?
 What were two achievements during Athens Golden
Age?
 Who was Pericles?
Peloponnesian Wars
Peloponnesian War
 Athens (strong navy) vs. Sparta(strong army)
 431 B.C. Sparta declares war on Athens
 Athenian leader Pericles dies and a truce signed.
 415 B.C. Athens attacks an ally of Sparta attacked.
 404 B.C. Athens surrenders and lose all its power,
wealth and land.
Athens: The Arts & Sciences
$
DRAMA (tragedians):
 Sophocles
 Euripides
$
THE SCIENCES:
 Pythagoras
 Hippocrates  “Father of
Medicine”
Macedonian
 Is located just north of Greece.
 Were looked down on by Greeks as uncivilized.
 Best asset------> Philip II their king.
 Philip wanted to take over Greece and then Persia.
Taking out Greece
 Greek city-states couldn’t unite-disagreements
 Philip crushed them and then turned his attention to
Persia.
 This ended Greece’s (Athens) golden age.
 Philip never got the chance to attack Persia (was
killed).
 His son, Alexander, took over.
Macedonia Under Philip II
Alexander the Great
Alexander the Great
 At age 20 was king.
 Aristotle was his teacher.
 Took over all the Greece city states through fear.
 He turned his attention to Persia.
Alexander the Great in Persia
Opening
 Place the answers in your NOTEBOOK
 1) Who fought in the Peloponnesian War?
 2)Who was Philip II and who was his son?
 3)Name the 3 philosophers we studied in class
 4) Who was Pericles and what did he bring to Greece?
Opening
 Place the answers in your NOTEBOOK
 1) Name the 3 philosophers we studied in class
 2) Who was Pericles and what did he bring to Greece?
 3) List two Achievements the Greeks made
 4) Who was Alexander the Great?
Alexander the Great’s Empire
Persia vs Alex
 334 B.C. he wins his first battle vs Persia (King Darius
III).
 He used sudden attack and the element of surprise to
win battles.
 Darius tried to negotiate a peace deal.
 Alexander said “no” and said he was going to take over
all of Persia.
Conquests
 Egypt-was named pharaoh.
 Turned his attention to the east.
 Battle at Gaugamela Persia power done
 With every victory, Alexander gained land and riches.
 Also he spread his culture to distant lands.
 Alexander and his army reached India.
It all ends…
 After traveling for 11 years and 11,000 miles they turned
back.
 At age 32, he dies of a fever.
His Legacy
 His lands were divided up between his generals.
 Hellenistic society!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
 When he traveled, he spread his Greek ideas and
culture. Also he learned other people’s
cultures(culture diffusion)
 A new culture emerged=a blend of Greek and Eastern
customs.
Opening
 Answer the following question in you NOTEBOOK
 1) What was the Hellenistic Culture a blend of?
 2) How far (what country) did Alexander the Great
conquest go?
 3) How far and how long did Alex’s conquest last?
 4) Who was Alex’s teacher?
Hellenistic Culture
 Hellenistic- Greek (also know as Hellenic) culture
blended with Egyptian, Persian, and Indian.
 Alexandria (Egypt) became the center of commerce
(trade) and knowledge.
The Hellenization of Asia
Pergamum: A Hellenistic City
The Economy of the Hellenistic World
Hellenism: The Arts & Sciences
$
Scientists / Mathematicians:
 Aristarchus  heliocentric
theory.
 Euclid  geometry
 Archimedes  pulley
$
Hellenistic Art:
 More realistic
 Showed individual emotions,
wrinkles, and age!
Colossus of Rhodes
 Will show you a picture after notes!!!
Decline
 Greece was the birthplace of Democracy, philosophy,
art ,etc
 By 150 B.C., the Hellenistic world was in decline and a
new group was growing……….
Rome
Guilty or Not Guilty
 As we watch the video, please take notes on whether or
not Alexander the Great was a cruel ruler or just leader.
 You are going to be his lawyer so you must have
arguments to defend or put him in jail.