Transcript nutritional diseases 2x

Anemia
Cause: Iron and Vitamin deficiency. damage to
red blood cells
Signs and Symptoms: Fatigue, pale skin,
weakness, shortness in breath, chest pains,
frequent infections, headaches, dizziness.
treatment: Increase amount of oxygen that the
red blood cells carry by changing diet with more
iron and vitamins. (vitamin C).
Goiter
Cause: Lack of Iodine
Signs and Symptoms: Swollen neck, coughing,
hard time breathing, tight feeling in your
throat.
Treatment: You can take medicine, small
doses of Lugol’s iodine or potassium iodine
solution if the goiter is due to a lack of iodide
Rickets
Causes: Rickets is caused by a deficiency of
vitamin D, Calcium, or Phosphate which leads to
the softening of bones common among children
Symptoms: muscle weakness, pain in legs, spine,
and pelvis
Signs: thicken wrists and ankles, Tetany
(uncontrolled muscle spasms)
Treatment: correct any abnormal levels with supplemental calcium or
phosphate as well as the activated vitamin D. The treatment for some bony
abnormalities differs depending on the severity of the case.
Marasmus
By: Nick Marna and Julia Walczyszyn
Causes, Signs and Symptoms, and Treatment:
● Marasmus is a form of malnutrition in which low amounts of both protein
and calories are consumed, resulting in an energy deficit in the body
● Chronic or persistent Diarrhea
● Fainting or change in level of consciousness
● Full or partial paralysis of legs
● Failure to achieve appropriate weight for age/size
● Treatment of marasmus involves a special feeding and rehydration plan
and close medical observation to prevent and manage complications of
malnutrition.
Defective Blood Clotting (Vitamin K)
Cause:
Insufficient dietary intake
Signs & Symptoms:
Heavy Nose & Gum
Bleeding
Easily Bruise
Cartilage Calcification
Treatment:
Injection of Vitamin K or
Eat Vitamin K rich foods
Xerophthalmia
Scott Papsin
Causes
Xerophthalmia is caused by extreme
deficiency in vitamin A, it is a medical
condition in which the eye fails to produce
tears.
Signs and Symptoms / treatment
Some signs and symptoms of Xerophthalmia
are dryness of the eye, cornea becoming dry
thick or wrinkled, and poor lid closure.
Treatment of this condition can be artificial
tear drops and a surplus of Vitamin A.
Picture
Xerophthalmia
Cause:
Lack of vitamin A or lupus and rhum atoid arthritis. Sometimes
caused by medications and drugs as well as chemical burns.
Signs + Symptoms:
The earliest symptoms of Xerophthalmia include
mild irritation, hot discomfort, Bitot’s spot, corneal xerosis and a desire to
blink continuously.
Treatment:
Antibiotics can be used if caught early. Xerophthalmia can
lead to blindness which is very hard to reverse.
Kwashiorkor
Cause
- sufficient calorie intake but insufficient
protein consumption
- limited food supply
- low levels of education (when people do
not understand how to eat a proper diet)
Signs and Symptoms
-
swelling of ankles and feet
distended abdomen
thinning of hair
loss of teeth
enlarged liver
skin depigmentation
Treatment
- calorie intake and protein intake if
treatment is started early enough
- carbohydrates are given first to supply
energy, followed by protein foods
Beriberi
Beriberi
Cause: low diet in Vitamin B1 (alcohol can
decrease how much B1 your body can absorb)
and can be genetic (Thiamine)
Signs and Symptoms: shortness of breath,
rapid heart rate, decrease muscle functions,
vomiting, tingling in lower legs/feet
Treatment: Thiamine supplements ( shot or
pill)
Scurvy
● The primary cause of scurvy is
insufficient intake of vitamin C
(ascorbic acid)
● The signs and symptoms are
general weakness, anemia, gum
disease, and skin hemorrhages.
● Scurvy is treated by providing
the patient with vitamin C,
administered either orally or via
injection. Orange Juice is a
dietary treatment along with
vitamins
Cretinism
Cause: underactivity of the thyroid gland at birth due to
deficiency of iodine in the mother's diet during pregnancy
Sighs: growth retardation, developmental delay, other
abnormal features, the skin is thick, flabby, and waxy in
color, the nose is flattened, the abdomen protrudes, and
there is a general slowness of movement and speech
Symptoms: constipation, tiredness, and sluggishness
Treatment:thyroid extract and sufficient iodine intake
throughout life, growth may become normal and mental
facility greatly improved
Obesity
Obesity often leads to
becoming overweight, or
carrying much more weight
than what is considered
healthy
Obesity is when your body has too much
body fat, it’s different from being overweight
in that being overweight just means
weighing too much
Obesity occurs over time when
you’re eating calories that you
are not using
By losing just 5 to 10 percent of of
one’s body weight can delay the
harmful effects of obesity
Obesity can lead to high blood
pressure, diabetes, heart disease,
different types of cancer, skin
infections, and ulcers
Pellagra – B3/Niacin
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High sensitivity to light
Aggression
Hair loss
Swelling
Tongue inflammation
Insomnia
Weakness
Mental Confusion
TREATMENT
● Supplements of niacin such as nicotinic acid or nicotinamide
● Eating red meats, fish, poultry
Diabetes (type 2)
By Griffin Tollefsen and Max Shisler
Diabetes type 2
Aka- Hyperglycemia
Most common form of diabetes
When blood sugar levels rise higher than normal
Body forms an insulin resistance
Pancreas can't keep up with the amount of insulin needed
Treated with lifestyle changes, medications (oral or insulin
injection)
● Glucose builds up in blood instead of going into the cells
● Cells starved of energy
● Health of eyes, kidneys, nerves and heart decreases
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