Transcript Trends in
Trends in Healthcare CHANGE • You must be aware of changes and trends as a Health Care worker. Cost containment • Trying to control the rising cost of healthcare and achieving the maximum benefit for every dollar spent Reasons for high health care costs • Technological Advances – Transplants – Artificial hearts – Computers • The Aging Population – More medications – More chronic diseases – Frequency of health care services Health Related Lawsuits expensive malpractice insurance unnecessary diagnostic tests defensive health care The Big Issue • Health care costs prohibit services to all individuals • Everyone should have equal access to care regardless of their ability to pay Goal: Try to provide quality care at lowest possible price Methods of cost containment • Diagnostic Related Groups (DRGs) – Congress uses this to control costs for government insurance such as Medicaid and Medicare – Certain diagnoses who are admitted to hospitals are placed in one payment group – Limits are placed on cost of care and the agency only receives this set amount – If costs of care less than amount paid, agency keeps the extra money, if more the agency must accept the loss Combination of Services • Eliminate duplication of services • Health care agencies join together or share specific services to provide care for larger number of people at a decreased cost per person • Example: Labs Outpatient Services • Not admitted • Reduces hospital length of stay • lowers the cost • Surgeries, xrays, diagnostic tests, etc done as outpatient services Mass or Bulk Purchasing • buy in large amounts at reduced prices • Prevents overstocking and waste Early Intervention and Preventive Services • Providing care before acute or chronic disease occurs Prevention more cost effective than treatment! • patient education • immunizations • regular physical exams • incentives for preventive health care services • easy access for all individuals • cost efficient • avoids emergency rooms and acute care facilities Energy Conservation • Monitoring the use of energy to control costs and conserve resources Methods to Conserve Energy • Design and build new energy efficient facilities • monitor/maintain Heating/cooling systems • insulation and thermopane windows to prevent hot/cool air loss Conserving Energy • Repair plumbing • replace energy consuming lightbulbs • install infrared sensors to turn water on and off • alternative forms of energy such as solar power • recycling Agency for Health Care Policy and Research (AHCPR) • This agency researches the quality of health care delivery and identifies the standard of treatment that should be provided. Health Care Workers • Provide quality care • Avoid waste • Keep expenditures down Health Care Consumers • Responsible for their own care • Better informed of all of their options • Preventive measures Home Health Care • Care in the home • Less expensive • All aspects of healthcare can be envolved Geriatric Care • Care for the elderly • Experiencing rapid growth due to a large number of people experiencing longer life spans due to advances in health care • Baby BOOM generation – born after WW II Increased Demand for Services • Adult Daycare • Retirement Communities • Assisted and independent living facilities • Other Organizations OBRA • Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1987 • Led to the development of many organizations with regulations in long term care and home health care OBRA • Established training and competency evaluations for nursing and geriatric assistants • Must be certified or registered as a certified nursing assistant OBRA • Continuing education, evaluation of performance and retraining/or testing if CNA has not worked in Health care facility for over 2 years • State registry • Patient/resident rights • Must comply with these regulations Telemedicine • Involves use of video, audio and computer systems • Allows interactive services between Health care worker’s in different locations • Robotic surgery • Computers help patients receive care in their own homes Wellness • State of being in optimum health and with a balanced relationship between physical, mental and social health Wellness • Exercise • Nutrition • Weight control • Healthy living habits Wellness is determined by lifestyle choices Promoting Wellness • Physical Wellness – – – – – – Diet Exercise Physical exams Immunizations Dental and vision care Avoidance of alcohol, tobacco, caffeine, drugs, environmental contaminants and risky sexual behavior Emotional Wellness • Understanding personal feelings and expressing them appropriately • Accepting one’s limitations • Adjust to change • Cope with stress • Enjoy life • Be optimistic Social Wellness • • • • • • • Show concern Fairness Affection Tolerance Respect for others Communication Sharing ideas and thoughts • Honesty and integrity Mental and Intellectual Wellness • • • • • • • • • • Be creative Logical Curious Open minded Use common sense Obtain continual learning Question and evaluate Learn from life’s experiences Be flexible Be creative Spiritual Wellness • • • • Values Ethics and Morals To find meaning Direction and Purpose in life • Religious practices Holistic Health Care • Care that promotes physical, emotional, social, intellectual, and spiritual wellbeing by treating the whole body, mind and soul Holistic Health Care • Each patient is unique • Variety of methods of diagnosis and treatment • Treatment directed toward protection and restoration • Natural healing • Personal choices Complementary and Alternative Methods of Health Care • Complementary treatments are used in conjunction with conventional medical therapies • Alternative methods of treatment are used in place of biomedical therapies Integrative (integrated) Health Care • Uses both mainstream medical treatments and CAM therapies to treat a patient CAM Therapies • Consider whole individual and recognize that the health of each part has an effect on the person’s total health status CAM Therapies • Each person has a life force or special type of energy that can be used in the healing process • Skilled practitioners, rituals, and specialized practices are a part of therapy Cultural Values and Beliefs CAM Therapies • Antioxidants: Nutritional therapy that encourages the use of substances to prevent or inhibit oxidation and neutralize free radicals • Heart disease, cataracts, and some cancers Meditation • Therapies that teach breathing and muscle relaxation techniques to quiet the mind and focusing attention or obtaining a sense of oneness within oneself • Reduce stress, slow heart rate, decrease blood pressure Ayruvedic Practitioners • Developed in India, an ancient philosophy to determine a person’s predominant dosha (body type) and prescribe diet, herbal treatment, exercise, yoga, massage, etc. to restore harmony in the body Chinese Medicine • Ancient holistic-based healing practice based on the belief that a life energy (CHI) flows through every living person in an invisible system of pathways to link the organs with the universe • Accupuncture, tai chi Chiropractors • Believe that the brain sends vital energy to all body parts through nerves in the spinal cord and when there is a misalignment of the vertebrae, exerts pressure, resulting in disease and pain • Use spinal manipulation, massage and exercise Homeopaths • Believe in the ability of the body to heal itself through the actions of the immune system • Use diluted substances to cause similar symptoms of the disease to activate the immune system Hypnotists • Help an individual obtain a trance-like state with the belief that the person will be receptive to verbal suggestions and able to make a desired behavior change • Smoking cessation, weight loss, phobias, etc. Naturopaths • Use only natural therapies such as fasting, special diets, lifestyle changes, and supportive approaches to promote healing • Avoid use of surgery or medicinal agents to treat disease Play therapy • Therapy that uses toys to allow children to learn about situations, share experiences and express their emotions • Psychotherapy for children with limited language ability Aromatherapy • Use selected fragrances (concentrated essences or essential oils) that have been extracted from roots, plants, bark, and/or flowers to alter the mood and restore the body, mind and spirit Tai Chi • Based on the ancient theory that health is harmony with nature and the universe and a balanced state of yin (cold) and yang (heat) • Series of movements and breathing techniques National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine • NCCAM • Researches various therapies and determines standards of quality care State Requirements • • • • Some have established standards for CAMs Forbidden in some states Labeled as experimental Require a license or certain educational requirements before practicing • Learn the legal requirements for your state • Patient has the right to choose their care • Nonjudgmental attitude CAM Therapies • Noninvasive • Holistic • Less expensive than other traditional treatments National Health Care Plan • The main goal is health care reform to ensure that all Americans can get health coverage Pandemic • Outbreak of disease that occurs over a wide geographic area and affects a high proportion of the population World Health Organization • WHO • WHO is concerned about influenza pandemics occurring now and in the near future Historically • Influenza pandemics have killed large numbers of people • Example: 1918 Spanish Flu Pandemic killed about 40 million people who contracted the disease Avian (Bird) Flu • Virus was identified as the cause of an epidemic. • Virus jumped directly to humans • H5N1 present in countries in Asia and elsewhere • Passed from bird to bird and devastated flocks of birds in 11 countries H5N1 and Humans • Most cases resulted from persons who had contact with infected poultry or contaminated surfaces • Spread from person to person rare • Death rate in humans was 50-60 % • Concern was mutation of the virus Hantavirus • Spread by rodents • Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Monkeypox, Filoviruses such as Ebola virus, and Marburg virus can cause hemorrhagic fever • WHO estimates that 2-7 million people worldwide could die from infections from these types of viruses Pandemic Flu Plans • Education- info about pandemics and ways to avoid its spread • Antiviral drugs - must be stockpiled and ready for immediate use • More research to develop and produce effective antivirals • Development of protective public health measures- Influenza must be diagnosed rapidly. Strict infection control methods to limit the spread of the virus Planning • First Responders and Health Care personnel must be immunized so they can care for the infected individuals • Quarantine measures- to control the spread of disease • International cooperation- countries must be willing to work with each other to create international plans to limit the spread of lethal viruses and decrease the severity of a pandemic Swine Flu (H1N1) • Respiratory disease of pigs caused by Type A influenza virus • First isolated in 1930 • High levels of illness and low death rates in pigs • Do not normally infect humans, but sporadic infections have occurred H1N1 in humans • Most commonly occurs in persons with direct exposure to pigs • Symptoms of swine flu are fever, lethargy, lack of appetite, coughing which are similar symptoms to the seasonal flu • Some other symptoms maybe runny nose, sore throat, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea H1N1 • You can not get H1N1 from eating pork • It can be spread from pigs to people and people to pigs • You may also have human to human transmission • There are medications to treat the H1N1 virus Who is at risk? • Children under the age of 2 • People who suffer with heart disease or diabetes • Asthmatics and pregnant women • Teenagers and young adults are also more vulnerable • Health Care Workers Prevention • Wash your hands • Stay away from crowded areas • Cover your mouth when you sneeze or cough • REMEMBER: It is a treatable and curable disease Stay abreast of changes and make every attempt to learn about them!!!!