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Greek Art and Architecture World History Honors Libertyville High School - 2007 Periods of Greek Art Archaic (1000 to 480 BC) Classical (480 to 336 BC) Hellenistic (336 BC Forward) Archaic Period Characteristics Stiff, formal poses Males held certain poses Females held other poses Classical Period Tools from Workshop Of Phideas Workshop of Phideas •Greatest sculptor = Phideas, an Athenian •Sculpted statue of Zeus, at Olympus •Sculpted Athena in Parthenon •Sculpted a memorial to victory at Marathon •Worked with gold, ivory and bronze •1958: at workshop, found cup engraved With “I am the property of Phideas” Parthenon Sculptures Phideas’ students sculpted marble statues, decorations after his death Considered world’s greatest ex. of memorial sculpture Currently located in British Museum, displayed as “Elgin Marbles” (stolen in 1816 while ambassador to Ottoman Empire) Parthenon (interior) Artists’ rendition, interior of Parthenon Other Famous Classical Sculptures Venus de Milo Hermes and Dionysus “Faun” of Praxiteles Hellenistic Period Dying Gaul Laocoon Hellenistic Period Winged Victory (Nike) The Discus Thrower Fate of Greek Sculptures Few survived the ages Bronze sculptures melted down for their metal 4th, 5th C. Christians believed destroying pagan statues was act of faith, piety Burning marble produced lime Architecture Archaic architecture Most extinct from 1200 to 700 BC Built of wood, mud or brick Nothing left except foundations By 700 BC, populations large enough to support public buildings Stone, marble used for temples Classical Architecture Doric Column Ionian Column Corinthian Column Classical Architecture - Doric Earliest style Formal, austere Spread from Greece to Italy Style Columns tapered No base to column Plain tops Classical Architecture - Ionian More relaxed style Developed in E. Greece, colonies of Asia Minor Dominated Hellenistic period Style Straight, thin column Column had base •Standard to have 24 Flutes (grooves) in each column •Two curls to either side of top Classical Architecture - Corinthian Developed by Romans Style Much more ornamental tops (leaves, vines) Ionian curls present Flutes also present Famous Greek Buildings Lighthouse at Alexandria 100-150 m tall; fire by night, mirrors by day Earthquake, 14th C AD Colossus at Rhodes • At mouth of harbor • Stood for 54 years before earthquake knocked it down Famous Greek Buildings Statue of Zeus at Olympus Earthquake destroyed temple Statue taken to Constantinople Burned in riot Temple of Artemis at Ephesus • Built high in mountains w/ temple rising into clouds • 425 feet long, 225 feet wide • 127 columns, 60 feet tall • Destroyed in 262 AD by invading Goths Parthenon • Built over older temple, around 480 BC (original destroyed when Persians occupied Athens) • Built from 447 to 431 BC • Constructed from limestone, marble • Considered the finest example of Doric architecture in its day • Turned into a Christian church in 6th C. AD • Then turned into a mosque in early 1460s • Destroyed in 1687 during siege Parthenon (Athens) Destruction of Parthenon, 1687 (newspaper sketch, 19th C.)