Transcript Democracy & the Golden Age of Greece

Democracy & the Golden Age of Greece
3 Goals of Pericles
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Stronger Democracy
– Paid public officials so even the poor could hold office
– More citizens engaged in self-government
– Introduction of direct democracy (citizens rule directly not through
representatives)
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To hold and strengthen the Athenian Empire
– Dominated the Delian League
– Strongest Navy in the Mediterranean
– Gained control of the waterways through trade
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To Glorify Athens
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Used money from Delian League to beautify Athens
Bought gold, ivory, and marble
Paid artists, architects, and workers
Sculptures and buildings such as the Parthenon by Phidias
Funeral Oration- read and complete questions
Athens
The Acropolis
• Acropolis
– upper city
– many city states of
ancient Greece
– refuge in times of
invasion
• Parthenon and other
main buildings were
built by Pericles in the
fifth century BC
– monument to the
cultural and political
achievements of the
inhabitants of Athens
http://www.acropolis.gr/
Greek Architecture
The Parthenon
Pericles
Doors, but no windows.
Built from 447 BCE to 432
BCE
This is considered to be THE
BEST example of Greek
Architecture.
It is located on the
Acropolis.
•Built with money from the Delian League.
•Building the Parthenon was an abuse of power
This is the floor plan of the Parthenon. The dots represent
columns of various sizes. The larger of the two rooms housed the
Cult Statue. The smaller room acted as the treasury.
Early Classical Artwork
Archaic Sculpture
Early Greek Sculpture
was highly structured.
The figures were still and
unnatural.
Almost all art was created
as decoration for temples
or reminders of the
virtues of the deceased.
Early Classical Artwork
Cast during the Persian
Wars.
Poseidon (c460 BC) cast
bronze (Athens, National
Archaeological Museum
MYRON
One of the greatest sculptors of Classical Greece
Discobolos (c450 BC) The
Discus Thrower
Later into the Classical Greek
period sculpture became
more natural and fluid.
One common trait is the
glorification of the human
body. Notice the attention
given to muscular detail.
Athena by MYRON
Athena
Marble, (5 1/2 ft)
First-century copy after a
fifth-century BCE original
by Myron
Phidias
Another of the Great Sculptors of Classical Greece
It is said of
Phidias that he
alone had seen
the exact image
of the gods and
that he revealed
it to man. He
established
forever general
conceptions of
Zeus and
Athena.
These are of Athena
PHIDIAS -- Zeus
Considered to be one of the Seven Wonders of the World
It took 8 years to complete
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The base of the statue of Zeus was 6.5
meters or 20 feet wide, and one
meter or three feet high.
•
The statue alone stood approximately
12 meters or 40 feet tall
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plated with gold and ivory, cedar
wood throne decorated with ebony,
ivory, gold, and precious stones.
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The statue is thought to have been
destroyed by a fire at Constantinople.
Classical
Greek Art
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Idealized human
body in motion
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Ideal beauty and not
realism
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Values of harmony,
order, balance, and
proportion
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Figures that were
graceful, strong, and
perfectly formed
showing serenity
2
periods
› Pre-Socratic: 600 BCE until life of
Socrates (470-399 BCE)
› Classical Age: Socrates until 300 BCE
 Pre-Socratic Philosophy
 Classical Age
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Anaximander
› Father of Theory of evolution of
species
› Physical universe has no limits
 Boundless and constantly expanding
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Hippocrates
› Founder of scientific medicine
› Taught people to observe life
around them
 Natural science
 Theories created after careful
observation of things
 Hippocratic Oath
http://www.members.tripod.com/nktiuro/hip
pocra.htm
Philosophers: “Lovers of wisdom” who were men determined
to seek the truth. This was a result of a lack of confidence in
the democratic government
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2 Assumptions
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Universe put together in an orderly way and subject to
absolute and unchanging laws
People can understand these laws through logic and reason
Sophists: Questioned people’s unexamined beliefs and
ideas about justice and other traditional values.
Protagoras: no universal standard of truth
Philosopher
Beliefs/Teachings
Impact
Socrates
-Absolute standards
existed for truth and justice
-Question yourself and
moral character
-Gain self-knowledge
-Put on trial for corrupting
youth’s minds
-Forced people to think about
their values and actions
(Socratic Method)
-Influential first philosopher that
started philosophical
investigation
Plato
-Vision of perfectly governed
society of farmers, artisans,
warriors, and ruling class with
a philosopher-king
-“Philosophy begins in
wonder”
-“Republic”
-Dominated philosophic
thought in Europe for
nearly 1500 years
Aristotle
-Questioned nature of the
world and of human belief,
thought, and knowledge
-Invented a method for arguing
to rules of logic that became the
scientific method
-Influenced Alexander the Great
as tutor
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Major Art forms given to West
› Drama
› Lyric Poetry
› Classical Architecture
Very Educated
 Slaves
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› Not abused or mistreated
 Only mistreated in sliver mines
› Most employed by the state
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Misogyny
› Distrust and dislike of women by men
› Started by the Greeks
Women of Sparta more freedom??
 Segregation
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› Like Harem
Prostitution was Common
 Homosexuality
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› Common among educated
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Polytheistic
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Zeus: father figure
Hera: wife of Zeus
Poseidon: god of seas
Athena: goddess of wisdom and war
Apollo: god of sun
Demeter: goddess of fertility
Gods were less threatening
 Never created a priestly class or caste
(Video- United Streaming)
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