Transcript Athens

Classical Greece
- Classical Athens
500-430 BCE
- Alexander’s Empire
338-100 BCE
(Hellenistic Period)
Greece: Classical Athens
500-430 BCE
Greek Civilization
1750 BCE – 133 BCE
Early Minoan civilization
– the forerunner for
Greece - began on the
island of Crete, around
1700 BC. Evidence
shows extensive trade
and a very advanced
culture, which was
exported to mainland
Greece at Mycenaea.
Click here for online information
about Mycenaean culture.
Mycenaea
How did the geography of
Greece present obstacles to
a unified Greek country?
Minoan Civilization
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Minoan Civilization was one of the earliest examples
of what has come to be called Greek civilization.
Minoans were trading at the same time as the
Phoenicians, Egyptians and Babylonians.
The Minoan
Civilization may have
been the foundation
for the story of
Atlantis.
Click here for more about
the Minoans.
The Palace at
Knossos. Click
here for more
pictures of the
palace.
Minoan Civilization
Minoan Civilization
Bull Vaulting Fresco
'Prince with the Lilies' or 'Priest King'
Fresco (Knossos,
Mycenaeans
1600 BC – 1200 BC
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Sea traders – beyond Aegean to Sicily, Italy, Egypt and
Mesopotamia.
Warriors, living in several city states.
The Mycenaean city state became the mainland Greek
civilization.
Best known for Trojan War.
Click here and on the pictures for more information about Mycenaeans and
the Trojan War.
Athens and Sparta
(Click above for a web chart comparison of Athens and Sparta.
Use this website to complete the chart on the next slide.)
1200 – 1 BCE
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Greece itself was made up of separate
city-states, which were constantly at war.
Define city-state
City-state definition: Political unit made up
of a city and the surrounding lands.
Two major city-states: Athens and Sparta.
Create a chart on your own paper like the
one which follows.
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Athens
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Government:
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Soldiers and the Military:
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Slaves:
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Women:
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Education:
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Sparta
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Government:
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Soldiers and the Military:
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Slaves:
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Women:
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Education:
Persian Wars
490 – 479 BCE
The Greek city-states did not unite until
faced with a common enemy: Persia
Delian League
By 479 BC, the Greeks had defeated the
Persians on land in Asia Minor and stopped
their advance.
Athens emerged from the war as the most
powerful city-state in Greece.
To continue the struggle against Persia, it
organized the Delian League, an alliance
with the other Greek city states.
Athens dominated the Delian League and
used its wealth to create an Athenian
empire.
Athens –
The City Pericles Built
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Leader: Pericles
Direct Democracy – Citizen assembly
voted directly on laws
Huge construction projects –
Acropolis and Parthenon rebuilt
Emphasis on arts, architecture,
philosophy and medicine
Democracy of Athens
Healing in Ancient Greece
Hippocrates
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Lived in about 460 B.C.
Most historians believed that he wrote between
60 and 70 medical studies.
Taught that disease come from natural causes
“…rest, fresh air, and a proper diet made the
best cures…”
Medical treatments should be based on reason
rather than magic
Hippocrates
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Hippocrates is generally credited with
turning away from divine notions of
medicine and using observation of the
body as a basis for medical knowledge.
Prayers and sacrifices to the gods did not
hold a central place in his theories, but
changes in diet, beneficial drugs, and
keeping the body "in balance" were the
key.
Central to his physiology and ideas on
illness was the humoral theory of health,
whereby the four bodily fluids, or humors,
of blood, phlegm, yellow bile, and black
bile needed to be kept in balance.
Illness was caused when these fluids
became out of balance, sometimes
requiring the reduction in the body of a
humor through bloodletting or purging.
Hippocratic Oath
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The Hippocratic Oath (OrkoV) is perhaps the most widely
known of Greek medical texts. It requires a new physician
to swear upon a number of healing gods that he will uphold
a number of professional ethical standards. One of the best
known prohibitions is, "to do no harm"
“I will use those dietary regimens which will benefit my
patients according to my greatest ability and judgment, and
I will do no harm or injustice to them. “
“I will not give a lethal drug to anyone if I am asked, nor will
I advise such a plan; and similarly I will not give a woman a
pessary (stone) to cause an abortion.”
“Whatever I see or hear in the lives of my patients, whether
in connection with my professional practice or not, which
ought not to be spoken of outside, I will keep secret, as
considering all such things to be private.”
Athens –
Conquered by Sparta
In 404 BC, Sparta attacked and conquered the fading
Athenian empire in what came to be know as the
Peloponnesian War. For the next century, fighting
continued to dominate the Greek city-states. By 359 BC,
the Macedonians from the north, under the leadership of
Philip II invaded and conquered all of Greece.
The Legacy of Greece
Government
 Direct democracy; citizens rule by
majority vote
 Written code of laws
 Citizens bring charges of wrongdoing;
trail by jury
 Expansion of citizenship to all free adult
males, except foreigners
Arts
 Drama and poetry
 Sculpture portraying ideals of
beauty
 Painted pottery showing
scenes of Greek life
 Classical Architecture
The Greek Legacy Continued
Science and Technology
 Disagreement whether sun or earth
was the center of the universe
 Accurate estimate of the
circumference of earth
 Euclid’s Geometry text book
 Development of lever, pulley, pump
Culture
 Greek Language
 Mythology about gods and goddesses
 Olympic Games
 Philosophers search for truth
Athenian and United States
Athenian
Democracy
Democracy
Citizens: male; 18
years old; born of
citizen parents
Laws voted on and
proposed directly by
assembly of all
citizens
Leaders chosen by
lot
Executive branch
composed of a
council of 500 men
Juries varied in
size
No attorneys; no
appeals; one-day
trials
Both Democracies
Political power
exercised by citizens
Three branches of
government
Legislative branch
passes laws
Executive branch
carries out laws
Judicial branch
conducts trials with
paid jurors
United States
Democracy
Citizens: born in United
States or completed
citizenship process
Representatives elected
to propose and vote on
laws
Elected president
Executive branch made
up of elected and
appointed officials
Juries composed of 12
jurors
Defendants and plaintiffs
have attorneys; long
appeals process
Alexander’s Empire:
Hellenistic Period
338-100 BCE
The World of Alexander the Great
359 BC – 323 BC
 Philip conquered Greece in 359 BC
 His next conquest was to be the
Persian empire.
Philip of Macedonia
 The Macedonian army was the most
superbly trained in the world. It
made use of the phalanx
configuration.
 Philip was assassinated before he
could attack and conquer Persia.
 His son, Alexander (20)– took the
throne.
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Over the course of the next eleven years,
Alexander proceeded to conquer the entire
Persian empire.
When Darius surrendered, Alexander took over
all of his realm and his possessions.
Alexander even married Darius daughter!
Alexander
Write a short paragraph in
which you compare and
contrast the extent of
Alexander’s Empire as
opposed to the Persian
Empire
The Legacy of Alexander
Upon the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC, his
empire began to divide and dissolve. However, Alexander
left behind a legacy of Greek thought, language and
custom that survives in part today.
 Local cultures assimilated Greek ideas and language.
They became Hellenic – or “Greek like” The Hellenistic
Age is the age of world wide Greek culture after
Alexander.
 Left behind the idea that all people are morally equal.
Aided in the spread of Christianity.
 Encouraged the work of scholars. Built libraries all
over the empire – especially at Alexandria, Egypt.
Emphasized mathematics, medicine, science and
philosophy.