Transcript AKS 32 - Chapter 5 - Greece

GREECE
GREECE GEOGRAPHY
GREECE GEOGRAPHY
• The Sea
– Greece is a peninsula surrounded by the sea.
GREECE GEOGRAPHY
• The Sea
– Greece is a peninsula surrounded by the sea.
– Traded with other societies because they did
not many natural resources.
GREECE GEOGRAPHY
• The Sea
– Greece is a peninsula surrounded by the sea.
– Traded with other societies because they did
not many natural resources.
– Used a travel method called island hopping to
travel across the sea.
GREECE GEOGRAPHY
• Island Hopping
GREECE GEOGRAPHY
• The Land
GREECE GEOGRAPHY
• The Land
– Rugged mountains cover three-fourths of
ancient Greece.
GREECE GEOGRAPHY
• The Land
– Rugged mountains cover three-fourths of
ancient Greece.
– Independent city-states developed because
the mountains keep the communities
separate.
GREECE GEOGRAPHY
• The Climate
GREECE GEOGRAPHY
• The Climate
– The temperature is
moderate and it only
rains in the winter.
• Avg. temps:
– 48˚ winter,
– 80˚ summer
• Developed an
outdoor culture for
Greek males
– Exs: meetings,
discussions
GREECE GEOGRAPHY
• The Climate
– The temperature is moderate and it only rains
in the winter.
– Most Greek societies spent the majority of
their time outside because of the favorable
climate.
GREECE GEOGRAPHY
• The Climate
– The temperature is moderate and it only rains
in the winter.
– Most Greek societies spent the majority of
their time outside because of the favorable
climate.
– Men spent most of their lives outdoors at the
agoras, gyms, and political meetings or at the
theater, civic or religious celebrations.
GREECE
• Mycenaeans
GREECE
• Mycenaeans
– Ancient Greek civilization who controlled most
of the peninsula.
GREECE
• Mycenaeans
– Ancient Greek civilization who controlled most
of the peninsula.
– Traded across the seas
(influenced by Minoans)
GREECE
• Mycenaeans
– Ancient Greek civilization who controlled most
of the peninsula.
– Traded across the seas
(influenced by Minoans)
– Greeks made contact with many societies
across the Mediterranean Sea
GREECE
• Mycenaeans
– Ancient Greek civilization who controlled most
of the peninsula.
– Traded across the seas
(influenced by Minoans)
– Greeks made contact with many societies
across the Mediterranean Sea
– Population increases forced Greek societies
to develop colonies in neighboring lands
GREECE
• Mycenaeans
– Ancient Greek civilization who controlled most of the
peninsula.
– Traded across the seas
(influenced by Minoans)
– Greeks made contact with many societies across the
Mediterranean Sea
– Population increases forced Greek societies to
develop colonies in neighboring lands
– The Greeks also went to war with neighboring
societies and their colonies.
GREECE
• Trojan War
GREECE
• Trojan War
– 10 year battle between Mycenaeans and Troy
GREECE
• Trojan War
– 10 year battle between Mycenaeans and Troy
– The battle ends when the Mycenaeans sneak
into Troy aboard a giant fake horse.
GREECE
• Trojan War
– 10 year battle between Mycenaeans and Troy
– The battle ends when the Mycenaeans sneak
into Troy aboard a giant fake horse.
– Fact or Fiction?
GREECE
• Dark Ages (1150 – 750 B.C.)
GREECE
• Dark Ages (1150 – 750 B.C.)
– No written records exist from this time period.
GREECE
• Dark Ages (1150 – 750 B.C.)
– No written records exist from this time period.
– History and information was passed through
oral tradition (ex. epics and myths)
GREEK SOCIETY
• After the Dark Ages, the “polis” developed
- that is a city-state (a city and its
surrounding land).
• All citizens (free adult land-owning males)
were expected to serve the polis
– Meetings were held in the agora (market
place) or the Acropolis (the fortified
hilltop).
– Armies of citizens formed and made iron
weapons.
GREEK SOCIETY
–Every citizen was expected to be a
soldier for his polis.
–Hoplites (foot soldiers with armor,
spear, and shield) developed.
–The phalanx developed - the most
powerful fighting machine of its day.
Greek City-State (Polis)
GREEK SOCIETY
• City-State (Polis)
– Fundamental political unit in ancient Greece
GREEK SOCIETY
• City-State (Polis)
– Fundamental political unit in ancient Greece
– Central urban area for surrounding
countryside
GREEK SOCIETY
• City-State (Polis)
– Fundamental political unit in ancient Greece
– Central urban area for surrounding
countryside
– Citizens discussed government issues at the
agora
GREEK SOCIETY
• Citizenship
GREEK SOCIETY
• Citizenship
– Adult Male Landowners
GREEK SOCIETY
• Citizenship
– Adult Male Landowners
– Gave input into
government issues
GREEK SOCIETY
• Citizenship
– Adult Male Landowners
– Gave input into
government issues
– Served in the military in
times of war
GREEK SOCIETY
• Citizenship
– Adult Male Landowners
– Gave input into
government issues
– Served in the military in
times of war
– Wealthy citizens began
their formal education
at the age of seven
GREEK RELIGION
• The Olympics were held in honor of the gods
• The Greeks imagined their gods to be a lot like
humans
• They had their passions/weaknesses (love,
hate, fear, jealousy)
• They were quarrelsome, but they were
immortal.
• Greeks developed myths about their gods and
goddesses and used these myths to understand
the mysteries of nature/life.
GREEK PHILOSOPHERS
• Socrates
• Aristotle
• Plato
ATHENS
ATHENS
• Early Government
ATHENS
• Early Government
– Oligarchy – governments ruled by a few
powerful people
ATHENS
• Form a Democracy
– Draco introduces a legal code to make all
Athenians equal under the law
ATHENS
• Form a Democracy
– Draco introduces a legal code to make all
Athenians equal under the law.
– Solon outlaws debt slavery and organized
Athenian citizens into four social classes
according to wealth.
ATHENS
• Form a Democracy
– Draco introduces a legal code to make all
Athenians equal under the law.
– Solon (594 B.C.) outlaws debt slavery and
organized Athenian citizens into four social
classes according to wealth.
– Cleisthenes (508 B.C.) allowed all citizens to
submit laws for debate and passage. He
creates the Council of Five Hundred. This
creates a limited democracy in Athens.
GREEK ARCHITECTURE
GREEK ART
ATHENS
• Women had few rights in Athens.
ATHENS
• Women had few rights in Athens.
– No Voting
– No testifying in court without a male
representative
– Must remain in the house
– Adulterers were put to death
SPARTA
• Spartans worked to create a strong city-state:
– only healthy children were allowed to live
– boys were trained for the army at 7
– life in army training was harsh to toughen the soldiers
up
– men remained in the army until the age of 30; then in
reserves
– women were healthy and vigorous; exercised and
played sports; could not vote
– created such a strong army, left little time to be
creative in the arts
– military valued duty, strength, and discipline.
GREEK SOLDIER
GREEK PHALANX