Transcript Eating Disorders - Briana Vittorini`s Portfolio

EATING
DISORDERS
By Briana Vittorini
OVERVIEW
 What
is an eating disorder?
 Important
facts
 The
SHOCKING truth
 The
most common forms
 Beliefs
about eating disorders
 Prevalence
vs. Funding
OVERVIEW
 Specific
eating disorders- what are they,
what are the symptoms and warning
signs, and what are the health
consequences.
 Diversity
 Contributing
 “Special
factors
Issues”
 Treatment
 Counseling
tips
WHAT IS AN EATING DISORDER?
 Dictionary
Definition:
eating disorder (noun)
 any of various disorders, as anorexia
nervosa or bulimia, characterized by
severe disturbances in eating habits.
Eating disorders are serious emotional and
physical problems that can have lifethreatening consequences for females and
males.
WHAT ARE THE MOST COMMON FORMS?


Anorexia Nervosa potentially life-threatening
eating disorder characterized by self-starvation
and excessive weight loss.
Bulimia Nervosa potentially life-threatening
eating disorder characterized by a cycle of
bingeing and compensatory behaviors such as
self-induced vomiting designed to undo or
compensate for the effects of binge eating.
WHAT ARE THE COMMON FORMS?


Binge Eating Disorder (BED) is a type of
eating disorder that is characterized by recurrent
binge eating without the regular use of
compensatory measures to counter the binge
eating.
Eating Disorder Not Otherwise Specified
can include any combination of signs and
symptoms typical of anorexia and bulimia, so it
may be helpful to first look at anorexia and
bulimia.
BODIES OF EATING
DISORDERS
GIVE ME THE FACTS
The rate of development of
new cases of eating
disorders has been
increasing since 1950.
 There has been a rise in
incidence of anorexia in
young women 15-19 in each
decade since 1930
 The incidence of bulimia in
10-39 year old women
TRIPLED between 1988
and 1993

PREVALENCE VS.
FUNDING

Despite the prevalence of eating disorders, they
continue to receive inadequate research funding.
Illness
Funds
Prevalence
NIH Research
Alzheimer’s Disease
5.1 million
$450,000,000
Autism
3.6 million
$160,000,000
Schizophrenia
3.4 million
$276,000,000
30 million
$28,000,000
Eating disorders
WHAT DO PEOPLE THINK ABOUT
EATING DISORDERS?



82% percent of respondents
believe that eating disorders are
a physical or mental illness and
should be treated as such, with
just 12% believing they are
related to vanity.
85% of the respondents believe
that eating disorders deserve
coverage by insurance
companies just like any other
illness.
86% favor schools providing
information about eating
disorders to students and
parents.
WHAT DO PEOPLE THINK ABOUT
EATING DISORDERS?


80% believe conducting
more research on the
causes and most effective
treatments would reduce
or prevent eating
disorders
70% believe encouraging
the media and
advertisers to use more
average sized people in
their advertising
campaigns would reduce
or prevent eating
disorders
THE SHOCKING TRUTH




42% of 1st-3rd grade girls want
to be thinner
In elementary school fewer than
25% of girls diet regularly. Yet
those who do know what dieting
involves and can talk about
calorie restriction and food
choices for weight loss fairly
81% of 10 year olds are afraid of
being fat
Over one-half of teenage girls
and nearly one-third of teenage
boys use unhealthy weight
control behaviors such as
skipping meals, fasting,
smoking cigarettes, vomiting,
and taking laxatives.
THE SHOCKING TRUTH



35-57% of adolescent girls engage in
crash dieting, fasting, self-induced
vomiting, diet pills, or laxatives.
Overweight girls are more likely than
normal weight girls to engage in such
extreme dieting.
The average American woman is 5’4”
tall and weighs 165 pounds. The
average Miss America winner is 5’7”
and weighs 121 pounds
The average BMI of Miss America
winners has decreased from around 22
in the 1920s to 16.9 in the 2000s. The
World Health Organization classifies a
normal BMI as falling between 18.5
and 24.9
ANOREXIA NERVOSA

About Anorexia Nervosa
Approximately 90-95% of anorexia nervosa sufferers are
girls and women.
 Between 0.5–1% of American women suffer from
anorexia nervosa.


Symptoms of Anorexia Nervosa
Resistance to maintaining body weight at or above a
minimally normal weight for age and height.
 Intense fear of weight gain or being “fat,” even though
underweight.


Healthy Consequences
Reduction of bone density (osteoporosis), which results
in dry, brittle bones.
 Muscle loss and weakness.
 Severe dehydration, which can result in kidney failure.

BULIMIA NERVOSA

About Bulimia Nervosa
Bulimia nervosa affects 1-2% of adolescent and young
adult women.
 Approximately 80% of bulimia nervosa patients are female.


Symptoms


Regular use of inappropriate compensatory behaviors such
as self-induced vomiting, laxative or diuretic abuse,
fasting, and/or obsessive or compulsive exercise.
Warning Signs of Bulimia Nervosa
Evidence of binge eating, including disappearance of large
amounts of food in short periods of time or finding
wrappers and containers indicating the consumption of
large amounts of food.
 Unusual swelling of the cheeks or jaw area

BULIMIA NERVOSA

Health Consequences of Bulimia Nervosa

Bulimia nervosa can be extremely harmful to the
body. The recurrent binge-and-purge cycles can
damage the entire digestive system and purging
behaviors can lead to electrolyte and chemical
imbalances in the body that affect the heart and
other major organ functions.
BINGE EATING DISORDER

About Binge Eating Disorder
The prevalence of BED is estimated to be
approximately 1-5% of the general
population.
 Binge eating disorder affects women
slightly more often than men--estimates
indicate that about 60% of people
struggling with binge eating disorder are
female, 40% are male.


Symptoms


Frequent episodes of eating large
quantities of food in short periods of time.
Health Consequences of Binge
Eating Disorder

The health risks of BED are most
commonly those associated with clinical
obesity.
EATING DISORDER NOT OTHERWISE
SPECIFIED

Examples of EDNOS:





Menstruation is still occurring despite
meeting all other criteria for anorexia
nervosa.
All conditions are present to qualify for
anorexia nervosa except the individual's
current weight is in the normal range or
above.
Purging or other compensatory behaviors
are not occurring at a frequency less than
the strict criteria for bulimia nervosa.
Purging without Binging—sometimes
known as purging disorder.
Chewing and spitting out large amounts
of food but not swallowing.
DIVERSITY: IT CAN HAPPEN TO
ANYONE

Eating disorders were once thought to affect only
a narrow portion of the population in the teens
and early twenties, but we now know that they
affect people of every age, race, gender and socioeconomic status.
RESEARCH RESULTS ON EATING
DISORDERS IN MINORITY POPULATIONS

A January 2010 Essence
survey found that:






71.5% of respondents reported
being preoccupied with the
desire to be thinner
71.5% reported being “terrified”
of being overweight
64.5% were preoccupied with
fat on their body
52% reported being preoccupied
with food
46% reported feeling guilty
after eating
39% stated that food concerns
virtually controlled their lives
FACTORS THAT MAY
CONTRIBUTE TO EATING
DISORDERS

Psychological Factors

Interpersonal Factors

Social Factors

Biological Factors
THE “SPECIAL ISSUES”

Atypical Eating Disorders
Orthorexia: is a term coined
by Steven Bratman, MD, to
describe his own experience
with food and eating.
 Diabulimia: Not a
recognized medical diagnosis,
diabulimia refers to the
condition in which an
individual with an eating
disorder, who also has
diabetes, manipulates insulin
levels to manage weight.




Pregnancy and Eating
Disorders
Trauma and Eating
Disorders
Substance abuse and Eating
Disorders
TREATMENT


The most effective and long-lasting treatment for an
eating disorder is some form of psychotherapy or
counseling, coupled with careful attention to medical
and nutritional needs.
Some medications have also been shown to be helpful.
HOW TO COUNSEL A PATIENT WITH
AN EATING DISORDER

Body Image: Counseling
for Patients With Eating
Disorders

Focus on the positive

Use role playing

Teach body-image
management techniques
BODY IMAGE
Maintaining active
body-image
management
techniques can help
patients recover from
poor body-image issues.
 Staying in the company
of people who make
them feel good and
establishing objective
coping criteria are both
extremely helpful in the
recovery process.

PREVENTION
Prevention is any systematic
attempt to change the
circumstances that promote,
initiate, sustain, or intensify
problems like eating
disorders.
 This may involve:

Reducing negative risk factors
 Increasing protective factors


Prevention is important to
reduce the suffering
associated with eating
disorders.
PREVENTION

At least two types of audiences
may be the target of eating
disorders prevention:
 Universal
 Targeted
prevention
prevention
BREAK THE CYCLE!
QUESTIONS?
COMMENTS?
BIBLIOGRAPHY
National Eating Disorder Associationhttps://www.nationaleatingdisorders.org/
 All images: googleimages.com
 Rader Programs- http://www.eating-disorderstreatment.com/?_kk=eating%20disorder%20tr
eatment&_kt=fab38909-3188-459f-8a7ad252c8317331&gclid=CJ7wjeC877QCFQyk4A
odkxMADw
