Transcript phase 3 of peloponnesian war

Phase 3 of Peloponnesian
War
412BC - 404BC
Review of Phase 2
Who was the Athenian leader that became
a traitor to the Athenians?
Where were the Athenians hoping to
capture in 412BC?
What happened to the Athenian fleet off
the coast of Sicily?
Phase 3
During the last 8 years the Athenian Empire was
crumbling
– they were losing allies
– Their navy was basically destroyed.
The Spartans were becoming the power house
in Greece once again.
– They rebuilt their navy with gold supplied from the
Persians.
In 406BC the Athenians had their last victory off
the Arginusae Islands,
Because of this the trade routes to the Black sea
opened up.
The Cost of Victory
The battle was very costly to the navy.
(Lost many ships and sailors.)
Athenians were upset with cost and thus
executed the 6 generals who were
involved with the battle.
Sparta offered Athens an armistice.
– An armistice is a deal to end a war. Both
sides stop fighting.
(Armistice Day - the anniversary of the official end
of World War I, November 11, 1918)
Athens refused. Why?
The Fight Continues
In 405 BC the last Athenian ships were
destroyed in the Battle of Aegospotami.
The Spartans then Attacked and blocked
off Piraeus. (What could this mean?)
The Icing on the Cake
Then in 404 BC the Spartans starved the
Athenians into unconditional surrender.
Sparta now controls Athens.
– What do you think this would mean for Athens?
The Spartan allies wanted to totally destroy
Athens and sell the citizens into slavery.
They broke down the democracy and set up an
oligarchy of 30 men who controlled everything.
Reign of Terror
It became a group of 30 tyrants. This
became a Reign of Terror. (What does it
sound like conditions were like?)
– There was violence, mistreatment and
bloodshed toward the Athenians.
– You could not speak out against the system or
you would be murdered (knife in the neck)
The Persians, being tight with the Spartans, got
the territories back that were taken by Athens.
What about the Delian League?
– All city-states were now under Spartan control.
Athens was out of control because of the
discontent.
The Athenian economy was completely
destroyed.
Greece was weak. Outsiders saw this.
After the Peloponnesian War
Greeks in Asia Minor were now back under
Persian control.
There was continual fighting among the
city-states.
Southern Greece was in disunity.
In the north (Macedonia) Philip II was king.
– He became king in 359 BC at age 23.
He was an able ruler.
Could control the people.
Was a soldier
Great Athlete
Philip of Macedonia
Philip had the best trained military of the time.
He took all the unruly tribes in the area and put
them under his control. He forced them to build
roads and fortresses.
He promoted soldiers who performed well.
Made it worthwhile fighting for him.
He knew Athens was weak, no longer a threat.
He took over the small weak city-states.
He kept moving south to capture everything.
Athens and Thebes joined to fight Philip but he
had no trouble defeating.
He took Attica and then moved to the
Peloponnesus and took it over.
Hellenic League
Philip set up a congress in Corinth where
all the city-states were represented.
The Hellenic League was formed to
expand the Greek Empire under one ruler.
Once again Greece was united.
In 336 BC Philip was assassinated by one
of his own men.
His son Alexander (the Great) took over.