Transcript Malaria the deadly disease

Malaria the deadly disease
introduction
• It is found that in tripura the most daedful
disease is maleria because of which every year
nearly 100s of peoples die. Because of the
abundance of breeding area for the mosquitos
tripura becomes the best place for them to
attack.
• The malaria in this area is most deadful because
peoples are not aware of it so through we want
to give some knowledge to them so that they
can know about maleria and aware of this
disease.
malaria
• What is Malaria?
Malaria disease is a parasitic disease. This
means that it is caused by a parasite, a tiny
organism that lives in or on other organisms
called a host. This parasite’s host is a mosquito.
The parasite is transferred to a potential victim
when he or she is bitten by a mosquito. Though
treatable and preventable, annually this disease
kills 350-500 thousand around the world most
victims are children who live near the Sahara
area in Africa. In the United States only 1,300
cases are seen each year.
Causes of malaria
• Causes of Malaria Disease
Malaria is caused by a parasite that has infected
the saliva glands of a female mosquito. Once a
mosquito that has been infected by the parasite
that has grown to a certain stage of development
bites a someone then that person gets Malaria,
then if a female Mosquito (Genus: Anopheles)
then bites that Malaria Disease victim the
second mosquito can pass it to other people
without being infected itself (that mosquito is
called a vector).
Symptoms of disease
• Signs and Symptoms
The symptoms of Malaria can vary greatly,
from no symptoms at all or mild to
extremely serious and may even result in
death. Malaria is often put into two
different Categories. One is
Uncomplicated and the other is
Complicated.
• Incubation period - depending on the
type of parasite the incubation period can
range anywhere from 7-30 days. People
who have traveled to Malaria prone areas
should tell their doctor that they have done
so, because even with the antimalarial
drugs, some types of Malaria can delay
onset of symptoms for up to one yea r.
• 1. Uncomplicated Malaria
• The general (but very infrequent) attack of Malaria usually continues
6-10 hours. There are three phases to this and these usually return
every 2 to 3 days depending upon the type of parasite (there are 4
types).
A. The cold phase (shivering, feeling cold)
B. The hot phase (vomiting, fever, headache; convulsions in children)
C. The Sweating phase (sweating, normal temperature, sleepiness)
However, more frequently the patient usually has the following signs
and symptoms: chills, fever, nausea and vomiting, headache, general
uncomfortable ness, and body aches.
There may also be: Enlarged spleen, fever, perspiration, general
weakness.
In P. falciparum Malaria there may be these added findings:Enlarged
Liver, mild jaundices, and increase respiratory rate.
Depending upon the country and the frequency that Malaria is
experienced the patient will either self-medicate; as we do here in
America with a cold or they will seek professional help after improper
medications fail to take effect.
• 2. Complicated Malaria
• This usually occurs where there is either low or no immunity to
this disease, including locations where Malaria Disease is rare
or immunity is low because of other health risks. Complicated
Malaria results in blood and organ disorders, including fluid on
the lung, and loss of Kidney function.
In all areas of the world complicated Malaria Disease is an
emergency and should be treated as quickly and as intensely
as possible because without treatment other major medical
problems appear and eventually death does occur. As with
other conditions pregnancy is complicated by the disease
resulting in possibly early termination of the pregnancy if the
disease is severe enough.
In addition, relapses are also known to happen, even months
and years after the first attack. This is due to one genus of
parasites having dormant stages that have been known to
reactivate long after the disease has been cured. There are
medications that are able to prevent this and should be started
as soon after the first attack as possible.
Treatment
• Treatment of Malaria Disease
Laboratory tests should be performed and diagnosis of Malaria Disease
should be confirmed before any treatment is started. Not doing this should
be reserved only for special cases, limiting it to those situations where clear
suspicion of a very extreme case is determined and lack of facilities
necessitates doing so.
Treatment is determined by three specifications:
1. The species of infecting parasite-this is for three different reasons.
a. P. falciparum causes a severe and quickly progressing illness or death,
while the other three species rarely are this severe.
b. P. Vivax and P. ovale demand treatment for forms that remain dormant
and can induce repeat infections.
c. P. Falciparum and P. Vivax are known for different resistance levels in
different geographic areas where infections occur. For P. Falciparum rapid
beginning of treatment is extremely necessary.
2. The physical state of the infected person.
3. The resistance level of the parasites determined by the place the person
was when infected.
4. In addition other things to remember about the drug treatment
a. Other ailments the patient has.
b. Pregnancy
c. Drug allergies and sensitivities.
Remedies
• Drugs
Some antimalarial medications can be
given intravenously.
The usual medications for Malaria are:
1. chloroquine
2. sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (Fansidar®)
3. mefloquine (Lariam®)
4. atovaquone-proguanil (Malarone®)
5. quinine
6. doxycycline
Conclusion
• Malaria kills thousands of people
unnecessarily. With immediate and correct
treatment people are able to recover from
this disease with no problem. It also must
be realized that delays in symptoms are
possible and must be reported to health
care providers. Also in the United States it
is imperative to report any cases of
Malaria to the CDC.
Students participation
• We went to the nearest remote villages and
motivated the peoples to clean their locality.
Destroy the possible breeding area of the
mosquitoes and not the allow any place where
the water can accumulate.
• As an example on the first day we went to the
village and started the cleaning program and
thereby advising them to do so.
• We also arranged a free malaria test camping
for the peoples of the nearest remote village.
• We also provided some anti malarial drugs to
the nearest remote area peoples.