Transcript MALARIA summary

SUCCESS OR FAILURE?
• At the moment there is no doubt that
the battle against malaria is being lost.
• This is mainly due to the ability of
mosquitoes to develop immunity to
pesticide sprays…
• …and to the Plasmodium’s ability to
develop resistance to drugs.
5. KEY REVISION POINTS
(i) – THE PROBLEM
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Anopheles Mosquito;
Plasmodium (e.g. Plasmodium Falciparum);
Humid climate; 16-40ºC, abundant rainfall;
Vegetation for shade;
Areas of still or stagnant water;
Humans to act as blood reservoir.
5. KEY REVISION POINTS
(ii) THE EFFECTS
• 1-3 million deaths each year, mostly children;
• Lost education through bouts of illness;
• Lost productivity by adults, especially at planting and
harvest time – less food, lower income;
• Huge amount spent on trying to prevent or control
malaria - $2 Billion in Africa each year, maybe $100
Billion damage to Africa’s GDP; up to 25% of family
income; huge burden on health services;
• Negative impact on foreign investment and tourism.
5. KEY REVISION POINTS
(iii) – THE SOLUTIONS
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DDT, Malathion;
Genetic engineering – sterile male mosquitoes;
ITNs – Insecticide Treated Bed nets;
Draining and flushing breeding sites;
Larvicide sprays to kill larvae;
Oil, egg whites and mustard seeds;
Bti, Fish (Muddy Loach), Eucalyptus trees;
Quinine, Chloroquine, Artemisia;
No effective vaccines yet - several on trial;
World Health Organisation campaign – Roll
Back Malaria.
Exam Advice
• Practice this topic using past papers – the questions
don’t vary that much from year to year.
• Concentrate more on the Risk Factors, Costs and the
Solutions, less on the cycle of infection and medical
symptoms of the disease.
• You must be able to comment on the effectiveness of
your chosen solutions, but don’t just say “very
effective” for them all and hope to get marks – the
markers will be looking for detailed knowledge of the
effectiveness of each solution you quote.
• Try to learn a few (four or five) solutions in detail and
be able to quote names of pesticides, drugs, etc.
Revision Task
• In groups you have been given two
pieces of flipchart paper
• Your task is to produce a biography of
a mosquito and tell me why it is so well
suited to spreading malaria.
• Then design a box which you would
give to a primary health care worker
which would enable them to treat
people in their village.