Transcript gcs
Greek Culture and Society Term II, Lecture 4 Greek Religion Religion and worship 2 Religion and worship 3 Religion and worship 4 Religion and worship 5 Main features of a Greek sanctuary • • • • • Location Altar Temenos Priest Calendar 6 What was a Greek sanctuary? Sanctuary of Poseidon, Cape Sunion, Attica 7 Altar of the Temple of Apollo, Gortyn, Crete 8 Temenos of the Temple of Zeus, Dodona 9 Everyday Rituals • • • • • • • • Home hearth is sacred to Hestia Everything hunted is sacred to Artemis Everything farmed is sacred to Demeter All sea-going activities are sacred to Poseidon All weather phenomena are sacred to Zeus Travelling and trading is sacred to Hermes Metal-working is sacred to Hephaistos Wool-working and household work are sacred to Athena 10 Hestia, the most gentle and charitable of divinities, guardian of the oikos 11 Ephaistos, the god blacksmith 12 Thundering Zeus 13 Sacred Calendar from Kos 14 Sacred Calendar from Kos Month A: Batromeios • ?: An ox from the Chiliastes to Hestia Hetaireia • ?: Annual Festival to Zeus Polieus. Sacrifice of ox. • 10th: A pig and a kid to Dionysos Scyllites • 20th: An ox to Zeus Polieus • 20th: A pregnant sheep to Athena Polias • 21st: A pig and a kid to Dionysos Scyllites • 23rd: A sheep and a pregnant ewe to Demeter • 24th: A pig and a kid to Dionysos Scyllites Month B: Karneios • ?: A pregnant ewe to Rhea • 10th: A heifer to Argive Royal Hera of the Marshes • 11th: A pig to Zeus Machaneus • 12th: 3 sheep, an ox, ½ medimnos of barley and wine to Zeus Machaneus • 12th: Heifer/sheep to Athena Machanis Month C: Pedageitnion • 21st: 3 sheep to the Heroes • 28th: A lamb to Herakles • 28th: An ox to Herakles Month D: Unknown • 17th: A sheep to Delian Apollo • 17th: An ewe to Leto • 19th: A goat to the Graces • 20th: A sheep and an ewe to Apollo Karneios and Artemis 15 The Panathenaic Procession • It is generally accepted that the Parthenon Frieze portrays the Processions at the festival of the Great Panathenaia that was celebrated every four years in Athens 16 Panathenaic Procession a proposed order • • • • • • • • • • • • Four little girls carrying a peplos for the life-size statue of Athena Polias Priestesses of Athena and Athenian women carrying gifts Sacrificial animals (cows and sheep) Metics (resident aliens), wearing purple robes and carrying on trays cakes and honeycombs for offerings Musicians playing the aulos and the kithara. A colossal peplos (for Athena Parthenos) hung on the mast of a ship on wheels Old men carrying olive branches Four-horse chariots with a charioteer and fully armed man (apobatês) Craftswomen (ergastinai - weavers of peplos) Infantry and cavalry Victors in the games Ordinary Athenians arranged by deme 17 Sacrificial animals (cows and sheep) 18 Musicians playing the aulos and the kithara 19 Old men carrying olive branches 20 Metics (resident aliens), wearing purple robes and carrying on trays cakes and honeycombs for offerings 21 Craftswomen (ergastinai - weavers of peplos) 22 Infantry and cavalry (who is missing?) 23 Demeter and Triptolemos 24 415: The Hermae affair Herma: Square or rectangular pillar of stone, terracotta, or bronze; a bust of Hermes' head, usually with a beard, sat on the top of the pillar, and male genitals adorned the base. 25 The Sanctuary of Apollo at Delphi 26 27 28 The Pythia 29 30 31 Athenian Thesauron 32 Thuc. VI.16.1-2 ‘Athenians, I have a better right to command than others--I must begin with this as Nicias has attacked me--and at the same time I believe myself to be worthy of it. The things for which I am abused, bring fame to my ancestors and to myself, and to the country profit besides. The Hellenes, after expecting to see our city ruined by the war, concluded it to be even greater than it really is, by reason of the magnificence with which I represented it at the Olympic games, when I sent into the lists seven chariots, a number never before entered by any private person, and won the first prize, and was second and fourth, and took care to have everything else in a style worthy of my victory. Custom regards such displays as honourable, and they cannot be made without leaving behind them an impression of power. 33 34 The archaic aristocracies of Attica The archaic aristocracies of Attica The cult of heroic excellence Being healthy is the best thing for a mortal man; Second comes beauty Third an honest health; Fourth, being young amongst your friends. The sites of Menidhi/Acharnae and Thoricus The Mycenaean tombs of Thorikos The Mycenaean tombs of Thorikos The Mycenaean tombs of Thorikos