Transcript Vocab: city
1 Greece Overview - stop from 1:58-2:10 Lesson 1: The Early Greeks Thinking Focus: What were some of the forces that influenced the rise of civilization in Ancient Greece? p. 328 Vocab: city-state 2 The Land Around the Sea p. 329 Aegean Sea Peloponnesus Greece is a country in Europe. In ancient times, the Greeks’ lives centered along the Aegean Sea. People settled along the Peloponnesus Peninsula and the surrounding islands. 3 Ancient Greece Geography How has the geography of Montana impacted your lives? •Driving •Vacation •School •Clothing •Recreation •Geography had the same impacts on Ancient Greeks Physical Geography Greece is very mountainous • 75% of Greece is covered by mountains • Difficult to farm Surrounded by seas • Greece is located on the Balkan Peninsula • Made trade easier – Could get what they could not grow 7 Cut off by mountains and the seas • Isolated – Led to the formation of city-states – Limited interaction and unity of Ancient Greece – Created fierce rivalries • Sea became a vital link – Hundreds of bays to provide safe harbor for ships – Skilled sailors • Traded olive oil, wine, and marble • Returned with grains, metals, and ideas – Adapted the Phoenician alphabet – Became basis for all Western alphabets Farming and Climate of Ancient Greece Greece has a Mediterranean climate • Winters are mild and wet – limited farming – grapes and olives • Summers are warm and dry – leads to drought – grapes and olives are one of the few plants that can survive the summer droughts • Precipitation/Temperature – Greece receives 16 inches of precipitation • Average temperature is a balmy 64 degrees – Montana receives 22 inches of annual precipitation • Average temperature is a chilly 32 degrees How is this different from Montana? Early Civilizations p. 331 10 The Minoans 2000-1400 B.C. It was the first Greek Civilization and began on the island of Crete. They developed a system of writing. King Minos lived in a maze of a palace with 1500 rooms! The walls were painted with pictures of people jumping over bulls! The Palace at Knossos was discovered in the 1900s. Even poor people had four-room stone houses with 11 Palace at Knossos 13 King’s Palace at Knossos Room in west wing Queen’s bedroom Queen’s bathroom Throne room King’s throne Fresco – east wing Staircase – east wing Libation vase Bull at royal gate Golden labrys Column The Minoans Natural disasters hit Crete! • Earthquake (around 1700 BCE) • Volcanic eruption (around 1500 BCE) • Tidal waves (following volcanic eruption) • The Minoans disappear “Good thing we did not build there!” the Greeks agreed happily. 26 The Mycenaeans p. 332 The Mycenaeans were another tribe of early people on the Greek MAINLAND of Pelloponesus. •built large fleets of ships •had great sailors •built similar palaces as the Minoans •copied their writing system. They fought the Minoans and conquered them in 1450 B.C. 27 The Dorians The Mycenaeans were conquered then by the Dorians. They took over and all written records stopped. The Dorians did not write things down. Greece fell into a dark age! 28 Question: Why did ancient Greece fall into a dark age when the Dorians took over? 29 The Rise of City-States By 800 B.C.,the cities developed into citystates (independent, self-governing units). The Greeks began to write again copying the Phoenician alphabet. Homer wrote long poems (epics) based on oral tradition. The Odyssey was one of the most important achievements of the early Greeks! By 600s and 500s B.C., city-states flourished in gov’t, art, literature and science -- starting the “Age of Expansion” 30 Lesson 1: The Early Greeks Thinking Focus: What were some of the forces that influenced the rise of civilization in Ancient Greece? p. 328 Vocab: city-state 31 Ch. 11 - L.1 The Early Greeks Ch. 11 - L.1 The Early Greeks Notes Outline Notes Outline I. The Early Greeks A. Greek Geography 1. 2. 3. 4. B. Greek Farming and Climate 1. 2. 3. C. Minoans 1. 2. 3. D. Mycenaeans 1. 2. 3. E. The Dark Age 1. 2. F. City States 1. 2. I. The Early Greeks A. Greek Geography 1. 2. 3. 4. B. Greek Farming and Climate 1. 2. 3. C. Minoans 1. 2. 3. D. Mycenaeans 1. 2. 3. E. The Dark Age 1. 2. F. City States 1. 2. Lesson 1 Literature: The Cyclops’s Cave p. 334 Can you think of other monster villains from movies or TV? Cyclops Movie (2 min) •The Cyclops’s Cave is found in the Odyssey, based on oral tradition and is ingrained in Greek’s history •agile: to move quickly •flinders: splinters, small pieces •converging: coming together •taunt: insult or challenge 33 Ch. 11 - L.1 Literature Questions: Ch. 11 - L.1 Literature Questions: The Cyclops’s Cave The Cyclops’s Cave Name _______________________ Points ____/10 Name _______________________ Points ____/10 1. Who was Polyphemus? 1. Who was Polyphemus? _____________________________ _____________________________ 2. Why did Ulysses say Polyphemus wouldn’t enjoy 2. Why did Ulysses say Polyphemus wouldn’t enjoy the sailor? _________________________________ the sailor? _________________________________ 3. Do you feel Polyphemus liked Ulysses in the 3. Do you feel Polyphemus liked Ulysses in the beginning of the story? Why? beginning of the story? Why? ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ _________________________________________ _________________________________________ 4. What did Ulysses give Polyphemus to drink? 4. What did Ulysses give Polyphemus to drink? __________________________________________ __________________________________________ 5. How many men had been eaten? __________ 5. How many men had been eaten? __________ 6. What did Ulysses do to blind the Cyclops? 6. What did Ulysses do to blind the Cyclops? __________________________________________ __________________________________________ 7. Explain how the men escaped the cave: 7. Explain how the men escaped the cave: __________________________________________ __________________________________________ 8. Who did Polyphemus say blinded him? 8. Who did Polyphemus say blinded him? __________________________________________ __________________________________________ 9. Why did Ulysses end up “regretting his final taunt,”9. Why did Ulysses end up “regretting his final taunt,” on p. 337? on p. 337? __________________________________________ __________________________________________ 10. Who did Polyphemus pray to to punish Ulysses? 10. Who did Polyphemus pray to to punish Ulysses? __________________________________________ __________________________________________ 35 Lesson 2: Athens: A City-State Thinking Focus: What were some of the forces that influenced the rise of civilization in Ancient Greece? p. 338 Vocab: democracy, monarchy, oligarchy 36 tyrant, barter Democracy p. 339 Kings ruled before the Dark Age. A monarchy is a system of government where a king rules over a group of people. During the Dark Age, oligarchies took over, or a system of government in which a few people hold power. Food shortages led to unrest and tyrants took over. A tyrant is someone who seizes power by force. They 37 promised to reform laws and aid the poor. Government & Education • Athens grew tired of harsh tyrants and decided to share the decision-making among themselves. • 500 citizens randomly chosen every year to propose new laws • Citizens were jurors and interpreted lawsAthenian democracy was for Government & Education • Athenian democracy was for free, male Athenians only. Education for men was highly valued. Only boys of wealthy families attended schools. The term academy comes from Athens.