Transcript Ch 4, Sec 4: The Age of Pericles

Ch 4, Sec 4: The Age of Pericles
Objectives
• Understand how Athens became very
powerful and more democratic during the
reign of Pericles.
• Explain the roles of Athenian men and
women.
• Explain why Sparta and Athens went to war
for control of Greece.
Delian League
• A group of city-states formed an alliance
• Joined together to defend Greece from further
Persian attacks
• Sparta did not join
• Athens controlled
the group
– Ended up becoming
an Athenian Empire
in Greece
– Sent army to citystates to overthrow
nobles
Direct Democracy
vs. Representative
Democracy
• Direct Democracy:
– Every citizen gets to vote on government issues
– Greek system
– Good for small governments
• Representative Democracy:
– Citizens elect officials to vote on government
issues
– American system
– Good for large governments
Greek Assemblies in a Direct
Democracy
• All male citizens voted (averaged 6,000 per
meeting)
• Took place every 10 days
• Passed laws
• Elected officials
• Made war decisions
• 10 generals carried out their laws/decisions
Pericles
• Top general in the assembly
(for 30 years)
• Held control of the Delian League
• Made lots of enemies with other city-states
• Allowed the poor men to run for office
• Started paying gov’t officials
• Rebuilt most of Athens after the Persian Wars
• Supported the arts/philosophers (free thinkers)
Who lived in Athens in 400 B.C.
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285,000 residents
150,000 citizens
35,000 foreigners
100,000 slaves
Farming and Trade
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Raised sheep and goats
Grew grains, vegies, and fruit locally
Grew grapes and olives to trade
Athens became the center of trade for the
empire
– Imported grain
– Exported pottery, jewelry, and art
Daily life of men
• Worked in the morning
• Assembly meetings in the afternoon
• Drank, ate, and discussed politics/philosophy
at night with other men
Daily life of women
• Girls married at 14-15 years old
• Poor women worked in the fields with the
men
• Upper class women stayed at home to take
care of the family
• Could only leave the house
with a male relative
• Could not own land or vote
Aspasia
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Non-native Athenian woman
Had special rights
Well educated
Taught public speaking
Helped Pericles with problems/ideas
Influenced politicians and philosophers
Peloponnesian War
• 431-404 B.C.
• Athens’ behavior caused tension with the rest
of Greece
• Sparta got the city-states to join them to fight
Athens and formed the Peloponnesian War
Funeral Oration of Pericles
• Athens had a public funeral to honor the dead
of the Peloponnesian War of year 1
• Pericles spoke about honor, duties of
citizenship, and rights of the Greeks
• Inspired Athenians to continue fighting
Athens reacts to the start of war
• Sparta and allies surround Athens
• Pericles had all Athenians move inside the city
walls
• Athens’ navy delivered supplies without being
stopped
• Disease spread through the city killing 1/3 of
the people
Sparta makes a deal!!!
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Sparta made an alliance with Persia
Persia gave Sparta money to built a navy
Sparta gave Persia land in Asia Minor
Athens lost control by 405 B.C. and
surrendered to Sparta
Results of the Peloponnesian War
• Greek unity was destroyed
• Farms and population were
destroyed
• Many people had no jobs
• Sparta lost control within
30 years
• Macedonia, north of
Greece, would creep in to
take over most of the
empire