Transcript 2.03 Remember the structures of the lymphatic system

2.03 Remember the
structures of the
lymphatic system
2.03 Remember the structures of
the lymphatic system
What are the structures of the
lymphatic system?
2.03 Remember the stuctures of the
lymphatic system
2
Structures of the
lymphatic system
2.03 Remember the stuctures of the
lymphatic system
3
Lymph System is supplemental to circulatory
system. Composed of lymph, lymph nodes,
lymph vessels, the spleen, the thymus gland,
lymphoid tissue in the intestinal tract, and the
tonsils. System contains no pump.
2.03 Remember the stuctures of the
lymphatic system
4
Structures of the
lymphatic system
Lymph fluid
-Similar in
composition to
blood plasma
2.03 Remember the stuctures of the
lymphatic system
5
LYMPH
• Straw colored
• Diffuses from the capillaries into tissue
spaces
• Fills surrounding spaces between tissue
cells also referred to as intercellular,
interstitial fluid, or tissue fluid
• Composed of water, lymphocytes, oxygen,
nutrients, hormones, salts, CO, and urea
2.03 Remember the stuctures of the
lymphatic system
6
Structures of the lymphatic system
Lymph vessels
• Closely parallel
the veins
2.03 Remember the structures of the
lymphatic system
7
Vessels
 Located in almost all tissues and organs
that have blood vessels
 Not found in cuticle, nails, or hair
 Capillaries are not found in cartilage, CNS,
epidermis, eyeball, inner ear, or spleen
 Two main large lymphatics: thoracic duct
and right lymphatic duct
 Only travels in one direction; from body
organs to the heart
2.03 Remember the stuctures of the
lymphatic system
8
Structures of the lymphatic system
Lymph vessels parallel to blood vessels
2.03 Remember the stuctures of the
lymphatic system
9
Structures of the lymphatic system
Lymph vessels
• Lacteals
• Specialized
lymph
vessels in the
small
intestines
2.03 Remember the stuctures of the
lymphatic system
10
Structures of the lymphatic system
Lymph vessels
•
Lymphatic ducts
• 2 Large lymph vessels
• Thoracic duct
• Also called the left
lymphatic duct
• receives lymph
from the left side
as pictured
• Right lymphatic duct
• Lymph flows only in one
direction
2.03 Remember the stuctures of the
lymphatic system
11
Structures of the
lymphatic system
Lymph nodes
• tiny, oval-shaped
structures
• range in size from a
pinhead to an
almond
Lymph node
2.03 Remember the stuctures of the
lymphatic system
12
Structures of the
lymphatic system
Lymph nodes
•
Where are lymph
nodes located?
•
Why are there so
many?
2.03 Remember the stuctures of the
lymphatic system
13
Structures of the
lymphatic system
Tonsils
•
•
3 pairs
masses of lymphatic
tissue
1.
Palatine tonsils
•
sides of throat
2. Adenoids
•
upper throat
3. Lingual tonsils
•
back of tongue
2.03 Remember the stuctures of the
lymphatic system
14
Structures of the
lymphatic system
Say “aahhh”
Why this is helpful?
2.03 Remember the stuctures of the
lymphatic system
15
Structures of the
lymphatic system
Spleen
• Sac-like mass of lymphatic tissue
• Located in the LUQ just below
diaphragm
• Stores large amount of RBC’s
• Destroys and removes old RBC’s
2.03 Remember the stuctures of the
lymphatic system
16
Structures of the
lymphatic system
Thymus gland
•
•
•
Located in the upper,
anterior part of the
thorax, above the heart.
Produces lymphocytes
Also an endocrine
gland
2.03 Remember the stuctures of the
lymphatic system
17
2.03 Remember the structures of
the lymphatic system
What are the structures of the
lymphatic system?
2.03 Remember the stuctures of the
lymphatic system
18
2.04 Understand the
functions and disorders of the
lymphatic system
2.04 Understand the
functions and disorders
of the lymphatic system




What are the functions of the lymphatic system?
What is the importance of the lymphatic system as
it relates to immunity?
How do you relate the body’s use of nutrients to
the lymphatic system?
What are some disorders of the lymphatic system
and how are they treated?
2.04 Understand the functions and
disorders of the lymphatic system
20
The Lymphatic System
What are the functions of the lymphatic system?
1 Lymph Fluid?
2 Lymph vessels?
3 Lymph nodes?
4 Spleen? (4 things)
5 Thymus gland
2.04 Understand the functions and
disorders of the lymphatic system
21
The Lymphatic System
Fluid balance




Why is this important?
What happens during this
process?
What is the relevance to
health?
What system helps with
this?
____
Fluid
IN
2.04 Understand the functions and
disorders of the lymphatic system
____
Fluid
OUT
22
The Lymphatic System
Fluid Balance
Lymph Vessels : transport excess fluid
back to ------- system?
Lymph Nodes : filter out harmful
bacteria
2.04 Understand the functions and
disorders of the lymphatic system
23
The Lymphatic System
Lymphocyte production

What are lymphocytes?

What do they do?

What is their relevance to
health?
2.04 Understand the functions and
disorders of the lymphatic system
24
Lymphocyte : type of leukocyte. They
responsible for immune responses. There
are two main types of lymphocytes: B cells
and T cells.
 What do they do?
 Health relevance?

STRUCTURES: Lymph nodes, Spleen, and
Thymus gland all produce lymphocytes.
2.04 Understand the functions and
disorders of the lymphatic system
25
The Lymphatic System
Filtration

What does a filter do?

How do filters relate to the lymphatic system?
2.04 Understand the functions and
disorders of the lymphatic system
26
Functions:
 Lymph
Fluid:
Intermediary between blood in
capillaries and tissues
2.04 Understand the functions and
disorders of the lymphatic system
27
Function:
 Lymph
Vessels:
Transport fluid
2.04 Understand the functions and
disorders of the lymphatic system
28
Function:
 Lymph
Nodes:
Produce lymphocytes
Filter out harmful bacteria
2.04 Understand the functions and
disorders of the lymphatic system
29
Function:
 Spleen:
Produce lymphocytes and monocytes
 Reservoir for blood in case of
emergency
 Recycling plant for RBC’s;
preserving hemoglobin

2.04 Understand the functions and
disorders of the lymphatic system
30
Function:
 Thymus
Gland:
Produces T-lymphocytes
2.04 Understand the functions and
disorders of the lymphatic system
31
The Lymphatic System
Immunity
___________________
___________________
___________________
Natural Immunity
_______________________
_______________________
_______________________
_______________________
_______________________
Immunity Notes
Handout
Acquired Immunity
_____________________
_____________________
_____________________
_____________________
_____________________
Passive Acquired Immunity
____________________________
____________________________
____________________________
____________________________
________
Active Acquired Immunity
____________________________
____________________________
____________________________
____________________________
__________________________
Natural Acquired Immunity
____________________________
____________________________
____________________________
____________________________
____________________________
2.04 Understand the functions and
disorders of the lymphatic system
Artificial Acquired Immunity
____________________________
____________________________
____________________________
____________________________
______________
32
The Lymphatic System
Immunity

What is immunity?

Immunity – the body’s ability to resist
pathogens and foreign materials - two
general types – natural and acquired.
2.04 Understand the functions and
disorders of the lymphatic system
33
The Lymphatic System
Natural immunity :
NATURAL IMMUNITY (Innate) – at birth, inherited
and permanent.
Includes anatomical barriers:
Unbroken skin
Mucus and tears
Blood phagocytes
Understand the functions and
Local inflammation 2.04
disorders of the lymphatic system

•
•
•
•
34
The Lymphatic System
Natural immunity
Discuss the body’s natural immune
processes seen in this picture.
2.04 Understand the functions and
disorders of the lymphatic system
35
The Lymphatic System
Acquired immunity: Active
NATURAL ACQUIRED IMMUNITY result of having had and recovered from a
disease.
 Immune cells “learn” and change each time
they are engaged…exposed to pathogen.

2.04 Understand the functions and
disorders of the lymphatic system
36
The Lymphatic System
Acquired immunity: Passive

Natural – baby gets from mother’s placenta
or mother’s milk

Artificial – Serum from another;
immunoglobulin; antitoxin…lasts only 3-5
weeks…used when exposed to pathogen (i.e.
measles, tetanus, hepatitis, etc.)
2.04 Understand the functions and
disorders of the lymphatic system
37

How Ebola Blood Transfusions Work NBC News.com
2.04 Understand the functions and
disorders of the lymphatic system
38
The Lymphatic System
Acquired immunity
Active Artificial
Should immunizations be
required?
Why or why not?
2.04 Understand the functions and
disorders of the lymphatic system
39
The Lymphatic System
REVIEW
What are the functions of the lymphatic system?
1
2
3
4
5
How are these functions relevant to health?
2.04 Understand the functions and
disorders of the lymphatic system
40
Lymphatic System Disorders
2.04 Understand the functions and
disorders of the lymphatic system
41
The Lymphatic System
Tonsillitis
What are the symptoms?
What are the usual
treatments?
Why would you have
your tonsils removed?
2.04 Understand the functions and
disorders of the lymphatic system
42
Tonsillitis
•
•
In childhood, they may become infected,
enlarged, and cause difficulty swallowing
Surgery done in extreme cases
2.04 Understand the functions and
disorders of the lymphatic system
43
The Lymphatic System
Lymphadenitis
What is it?
Lymph aden itis
What are the symptoms?
How is it treated?
2.04 Understand the functions and
disorders of the lymphatic system
44
Enlargement of Lymph Nodes
 Term “swollen glands” used frequently


Occurs when an infection is present and the body
is attempting to fight the infection.

LYMPHADENITIS – enlargement of the
lymph nodes, occurs when infection is present
and body is attempting to fight off the
infection – generalized enlargement
2.04 Understand the functions and
disorders of the lymphatic system
45
The Lymphatic System
Hodgkin’s disease
What is Hodgkin’s disease?
What are the symptoms?
How is it treated?
Who is most likely to develop
Hodgkin’s disease?
2.04 Understand the functions and
disorders of the lymphatic system
46
HODGKIN’S DISEASE
cancer of the lymph nodes
 painless swelling of lymph nodes is an
early symptom; along with fever, chills,
night sweats, and unexplained weight
loss.
 Rx – chemotherapy and radiation
 Most commonly found in ages 20- 30.

2.04 Understand the functions and
disorders of the lymphatic system
47
The Lymphatic System
Infectious mononucleosis
What is mononucleosis
most often called?
What causes it?
How is it treated?
2.04 Understand the functions and
disorders of the lymphatic system
48
INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSIS
• Caused by virus
• Frequently in young adults and children
• Spread by oral contact ( i.e. kissing,
drinking after someone)
• Symptoms – enlarged lymph nodes and
spleen, fever, physical and mental fatigue,
 Leukocytes
• Rx – bedrest, symptomatic treatment
2.04 Understand the functions and
disorders of the lymphatic system
49
Autoimmunity
When a person’s own immune system
mistakenly targets the normal cells, tissues,
and organs of a person’s own body. This is
known as an autoimmune disorder.

2.04 Understand the functions and
disorders of the lymphatic system
50
Autoimmune Diseases
Multiple Sclerosis
 Myasthenia Gravis
 Pernicious Anemia
 Psoriasis
 Crohn’s Disease
 Ulcerative Colitis
 Type I Diabetes Mellitus
 Rheumatoid arthritis
 Lupus
 Scleroderma

51
The Lymphatic System
Lupus erythematosus
What is the classic symptom of
lupus?
What other symptoms might
present?
How is lupus managed?
What is the prognosis?
2.04 Understand the functions and
disorders of the lymphatic system
52
Lupus
Chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease.
 Experience profound fatigue, rashes, and joint
pains.
 Common identifying rash: butterfly rash across
nose and checks.
 Severe cases, immune system may attack
kidney, brain, blood, or lung.
 Symptoms and damage controlled with antiinflammatory and symptomatic prescribed
medications.
2.04 Understand the functions and
53

disorders of the lymphatic system
The Lymphatic System
Scleroderma
What is it?
What causes it?
What are some complications of
scleroderma?
How is it treated?
2.04 Understand the functions and
disorders of the lymphatic system
54
Scleroderma

Thickening of skin and blood vessels.

95% of patients have Raynaud’s; spasm of the
blood vessels in fingers and toes.

Can result in loss of movement and dyspnea
2.04 Understand the functions and
disorders of the lymphatic system
55
Hypersensitivity

Body fails to protect itself against foreign
material.

Allergic reaction

An ALLERGEN is an antigen that causes
allergic responses.
2.04 Understand the functions and
disorders of the lymphatic system
56
The Lymphatic System
Anaphylactic shock
What is it?
 What happens to these body systems?






Nervous system
Digestive system
Respiratory system
Integumentary system
What is the treatment?
2.04 Understand the functions and
disorders of the lymphatic system
57
Anaphylactic shock or Anaphylaxis

Result of antigen – antibody reaction that
stimulates massive secretion of histamines.

Patient can experience breathing problems,
headache, facial swelling, falling blood
pressure, stomach cramps, and vomiting.

Antidote: adrenaline and/or antihistimine
2.04 Understand the functions and
disorders of the lymphatic system
58
The Lymphatic System
AIDS
How is it diagnosed?
What do these terms mean?
 HIV
 ARC
 AIDS
2.04 Understand the functions and
disorders of the lymphatic system
59
The Lymphatic System
Acquired Immunodeficiency Disease
Syndrome (AIDS)
How is it transmitted?
What is the incubation period?
What are the symptoms?
2.04 Understand the functions and
disorders of the lymphatic system
60
AIDS
•
Most severe type if HIV infection – spread
through sexual contact and contact with
bodily fluids (i.e. sharing needles)
•
Subject to OPPORTUNISTIC
INFECTIONS – a healthy person would
fight off these infections, but a person with
AIDS has a compromised or impaired
immune response.
2.04 Understand the functions and
disorders of the lymphatic system
61
Symptoms of AIDS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Prolonged fatigue
Persistent fevers or night sweats
Persistent, unexplained cough
Thick coating in throat or on tongue
Easy bruising, unexplained bleeding
Appearance of purple lesions on mucous membranes or
skin that don’t go away
Chronic diarrhea
Shortness of breath
Unexplained lymphadenopathy
Unexplained weight loss, 10lbs or more, in less than 2
months
2

Incubation period: 1 month to 12 years
62
AIDS-RELATED COMPLEX
(ARC)

•
•
•

Has HIV but not have AIDS and may develop
other conditions such as:
Chronic Diarrhea
Chronic lymphadenopathy
Unexplained weight loss
If life threatening opportunistic infections
develop, then individual is said to have AIDS 63

ASYMPTOMATIC INFECTION – Has HIV
but no symptoms.

High-Risk Groups for AIDS – EVERYONE who
participates in risky behaviors.

Transmission by:
Sex with someone who is HIV positive
Sharing needles with infected IV drug users
At birth from infected mother
1.
2.
3.
64

1.
2.
3.

1.
2.
Cannot be spread by:
Casual contact
Through air, feces, food, urine or water
Coughing, sneezing, embracing, shaking
hands and sharing eating utensils
Prevention:
Avoid risky behaviors
Standard precautions
2.04 Understand the functions and
disorders of the lymphatic system
65
The Lymphatic System
Lymphedema
What is it?
What causes it?
How is it treated?
Photo used with written permission by the Mayo Clinic.
2.04 Understand the functions and
disorders of the lymphatic system
66
Lymphedema
condition in which lymph fluid builds up in
tissues
 Causes include: infection, cancer scar tissue from
radiation therapy or surgical removal of lymph
nodes, and inherited conditions in which lymph
nodes or vessels are absent or abnormal.
 Treatment can help control symptoms. It includes
exercise, compression devices, skin care, and
massage

2.04 Understand the functions and
disorders of the lymphatic system
67
2.04 Understand the functions and
disorders of the lymphatic system
68
2.04 Understand the functions and
disorders of the lymphatic system
69
2.04 Understand the functions and
disorders of the lymphatic system
70
2.04 Understand the
functions and disorders
of the lymphatic system




What are the functions of the lymphatic system?
What is the importance of the lymphatic system as
it relates to immunity?
How do you relate the body’s use of nutrients to
the lymphatic system?
What are some disorders of the lymphatic system
and how are they treated?
2.04 Understand the functions and
disorders of the lymphatic system
71