Evolving Patient Care: The Pharmacist`s Role
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Transcript Evolving Patient Care: The Pharmacist`s Role
Evolving Patient Care:
The Pharmacists’ Role
Jessica Haskins-Cummings, PharmD
Pharmacy Manager, Walgreens
Objectives
Describe current trends in the pharmacy profession
Explain the development of pharmacists and their
evolving role in a multi-disciplinary patient care team
Describe community pharmacy consultations and
what pharmacists are discussing with your patients
Discuss new medications and regulations
Pharmacy Past
Pharmacy Present
‘Well Experience’ model
Pharmacy Future
Pharmacy Future
More multidisciplinary team approach to patient
care
Reimbursement based on outcomes and
readmission rates
Clinical services outside of traditional pharmacy
practice
Personalize and optimize therapy
Path to PharmD
All PharmD graduates now
Basics still there: medicinal chemistry, pharmacokinetics,
pharmaceutics, pharmacodynamics
2 years pre-pharm, 4 years pharmacy school
Residency and fellowships are more common
Multidisciplinary professional development throughout
school (longitudinal assessment)
AACP and ACPE accreditation standards
Extern-type rotations throughout school
More direct patient contact
More interaction with different facets of the healthcare
system
Path to PharmD
Graduates expect more
from the workplace
in clinical, retail,
hospital, and specialty
pharmacy
Private consultation/
immunization rooms
Clinical decision making in
rounds
Clinical services:
health testing
Medication Therapy
Management
immunizations
specialty drug therapy
More involvement in patient care
Bedside consultations
before discharge
Reassurance and
integrating new therapy to
current lifestyle
Retail ‘window’ consults
Balance of optimal therapy,
lifestyle changes, insurance
limitations, and customer
service
Comprehensive Medication
Therapy Management
(MTM, ‘brown bag’
consult)
Thorough sit-down therapy
optimization
Counseling your patients
Disease
state
specific
Maintenance
meds
Surgery
meds
Pre-op
meds
OTC
Adherence
$100 billion per year in hospital admissions due to
poor medication adherence.
Percentage of patients with chronic illness that DO
NOT take medications as prescribed: 40-50%
22% take less than the amount prescribed
2/3 do not take any of their medication, but fill them
12% do not even fill their prescriptions
Disease state specific counseling
Diabetes Mellitus:
Severe hyperglycemia with insulin resistance, ketoacidosis
Increased risk for gum disease and tooth decay
Blood disorders: Leukemia, sickle-cell anemia
Increased risk of gingivitis
Immunocompromised patients: Sjorgen’s syndrome, viral
infections
Increased risk for oral disease
Pulmonary conditions: TB, purulent infections, tonsillitis, rhinitis
Increased risk for halitosis
Renal or hepatic failure
Increased risk for gum disease and tooth decay
Pre-op Regimen
Antibiotic prophylaxis
Controversial in
recommendations
Case-by-case situations
Pharmacist role
Proper timing of therapy
Side effects and how to
minimize
Monitoring for interactions and
allergic reaction history
Oral Antithrombotics
Anticoagulants
Coumadin, Jantoven (warfarin)
Eliquis (apixaban)
Pradaxa (dabigatran)
Xarelto (rivaroxaban)
Antiplatelets
Aspirin
Effient (prasugrel)
Brilanta (ticagrelor)
Plavix (clopidogrel)
Surgery Meds
Anesthesia/ Sedation
Anti-anxiety
Anti-inflammatories
Pain relievers
Mepergan Fortis: no
longer available
FDA & DEA request to
have hydrocodone
reclassified to a
scheduled 2 controlled
substance
Hydrocodone/APAP combo
Hydrocodone
Vicodin
Lortab
Norco
5mg
5mg/500mg
5mg/500mg
5mg/325mg
7.5mg/500mg
7.5mg/325mg
10mg/500mg
10mg/325mg
5mg/300mg
7.5mg
7.5mg/500mg
7.5mg/300mg
10mg
10mg/500mg
10mg/300mg
Hydrocodone/APAP combo
Hydrocodone
Vicodin
Lortab
Norco
5mg
5mg/500mg
5mg/500mg
5mg/325mg
7.5mg/500mg
7.5mg/325mg
10mg/500mg
10mg/325mg
5mg/300mg
7.5mg
7.5mg/500mg
7.5mg/300mg
10mg
10mg/500mg
10mg/300mg
Maintenance Products
Muscle relaxers & anti-inflammatories
Rx Only fluoride supplements
>1500 ppm total fluorine
OTC prevention:
Stannous fluoride: inhibits bacterial growth
Triclosan: inhibits prostaglandins
Artificial saliva products (Salivart)
Meds that affect oral health
Chemotherapeutics, immune modulators, head / neck
radiation therapy
Oral mucosal symptoms delayed after therapy
Preventative therapy warranted: chlorhexadine rinse,
sucralfate suspension, allopurinol mouthwash, strict
adherence to oral care regimen
Amifostine (Ethyol) concomitant therapy – scavenger of
free radicals
Oral pilocarpine – stimulates salivary secretions
Meds that affect oral health
Anticholinergics
oxybutinin,
diphenhydramine,
dicyclomine, atropine
Decreased saliva flow
amitriptyline, doxepin,
desipramine
Increased risk for gingivitis
& halitosis
Antidepressants
Diuretics
hctz, furosemide
Stimulants
pseudoephedrine
Antipsychotics
chlorpromazine,
thioridizine, clozapine
Typically dose related
Meds that affect oral health
Procardia, Nifedical (nifedipine)
Overgrowth of gums onto teeth
Sandimmune (cyclosporine)
Swollen, painful, red gums
Dilantin (phenytoin)
Swelling, bleeding of gums
Inhaled corticosteroids (Advair, Qvar, Flovent)
Increased risk for thrush
Bisphosphonates
Osteonecrosis (IV 94% vs oral 6%)
OTC medications – what are your
patients finding at their drugstore?
Fluoride products
Topical anesthetics
Peroxide & pain-relief washes
Dry mouth products
Nightguard
Filling repair kits
Whiteners
Floss
Sensitivity products
Denture products
Dental wax
New Developments in medicine
Myrbetriq: overactive bladder
Sores, ulcers, or white spots in the mouth or on the lips
Dry mouth
Tudorza Pressair: bronchodilator
Dry mouth
Fruit-like breath odor
Zetonna: allergic rhinitis
White patches inside nose or throat
Multidisciplinary approach
to patient care
Improve adherence
Improve outcomes
Improve quality of life
[email protected]
Thank you!!!