Transcript DRUG OVERDOSE DURING PREGNANCY

How does drug use affect the unborn child &
pregnant mothers during pregnancy
How does drug use affect the unborn
child (foetus )during pregnancy
 A foetus is very sensitive to drugs and
cannot eliminate drugs as effectively as
adults.
 The chemicals can build up to extremely
high levels in the foetal system and can
cause permanent damage.
What are the risks of drug use
during pregnancy
Risks depend on :
Type of drug
 Trimester of the pregnancy
 Frequency of drug use
 Ingested dose of the drug
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DRUGS TRANSFERATION DEPEND ON SEVERAL FACTORS
 CHEMICAL PROPERTY OF THE DRUG
 MOLECULAR WEIGHT.
 PROTEIN BINDING CAPABILITIES.
 CHEMICAL CONFIGURATION.
 LIPID SOLUBILITY.
 PERIOD OF TIME DRUG REMAINS IN MATERNAL
BLOODSTREAM
 HALFLIFE OF THE DRUG.
Certain types of drugs cause abnormalities
in pregnant mothers
 Paracetamol
 Insulin
 Iron
 Folic acid
Drugs cause following harmful
effects to the unborn child
 Miscarriages
 Stillbirth
 Small in size
 Low birth weight
 Premature birth
 Birth defects
 Sudden infant death syndrome(SIDS)
 Mental retardation, learning disabilities of the
child
Paracetamol Overdose in
Pregnancy
 There is evidence that the foetal liver
begins to broken down paracetamol
from 18 weeks gestation on wards,
therefore the foetus may also be at risk
for liver toxicity following maternal
paracetamol overdose.
Insulin in pregnancy
 Insulin is safe to use under normal
therapeutic conditions in
pregnancy and does not cross the
placenta.
Iron Overdose in Pregnancy
 Iron overdose can be fatal in large
doses.
 Iron requirements increase during
pregnancy and the use of iron
supplements is common,
particularly in the second and third
trimesters.
Folic acid in Pregnancy
 Folic acid is necessary for the normal
production of blood cells and genetic
material.
 Current data does not suggest an increase in
adverse pregnancy outcome following use of
high dose folic acid
Cholesterol lowering drugs in pregnancy
 Current guidelines recommend that
women wishing to become pregnant
stop use of above drugs three months
prior to attempting to conceive.
 Or as soon as pregnancy is confirmed,
due to the theoretical risk of foetal
abnormality because foetus wants
cholesterol to develop organs.
Other Agents affecting the foetus
in pregnancy
 Cigarette smoking
 Alcohol
 Narcotics -Heroin, Cocaine,
Marjuana ,Hashis
Cigarette smoking
Carbon monoxide and nicotine
cause low oxygen levels in blood
and high blood pressure,
premature labour, and
stillbirth(born dead).
Alcohol
 Increases risk of spontaneous abortions.
 With regular drinking, decrease the birth
weight by about 1 to 1.3Kg
 Foetal growth restriction, facial and
cardiovascular defects, nerve dysfunction.
 Alcohol easily passes into breast milk and
develop problems with mental development.
Narcotics-Heroin, cocaine etc.
 Miscarriage and foetal death
 This can be transmitted to the baby
through breast milk.
 Increase risk for early delivery.
 Deliver a stillborn baby or a baby with
growth problems.
Special care
A drug overdose shortly before or
during pregnancy seems to be
associated with a substantially
increased risk of miscarriage.
Childhood poisoning
Most common agents involve in childhood poisoning
 Household products, (bleachers, disinfectants,
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detergents, toilet cleaners, mosquito coils)
Cosmetics and other personal care products
Kerosene and automobile fluids (break fluids,
gasoline, anti-freezer, coolant)
Poisonous plants (Endaru, olinda seeds, ornamental
plants as habarala)
Foreign objects (batteries and toys)
Paint, thinner and utilities of drawing arts
Pharmaceuticals
Some rules to follow when using
repellents
 Never use repellents on wounds or irritated skin.
 If using creams, apply it only to exposed skin.
 Do not inhale or ingest repellents or do not get them into the
eye.
 Avoid spraying repellents that children gathering areas.
 Do not use mosquito repellents in closed rooms at night.
 Do not use mosquito repellants if persons can’t tolerate the
smell or when starting cough.
 If a suspected reaction occur, wash treated skin and seek medical
advice.
First aid for poisoning
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Skin exposure
Remove contaminated clothes carefully.
Wash the skin with running water for at least 15 minutes.
Do not use any local application without seeking medical
advice.
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Eye exposure
Wash eyes with running water for at least 15 minutes.
Do not use any eye drops without seeking medical advice.
If there is visual impairment seek medical advice from an
eye specialist.
First aid
Cont,
 Inhalation
 Remove the patient away from the source and encourage
deep breathing of fresh air.
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 Ingestion
 Do not induce vomiting because some pesticides have
corrosive effects and some may contain hydrocarbons as
solvents. (kerosene oil)
 If patient is semiconscious or unconscious keep the patient
in Neck extended position.
 Do not give salt water, coconut milk and other home
remedies to induce vomiting.
To reduce the risk of poisoning involving
medicines:
 Keep all medications out of the reach of
children.
 Store all medicines in their original
containers.
 Never take medicine in front of a child. Read
all instructions before administering
medication to a child.
 Dispose of all unneeded or outdated
medicines.
To reduce the risk for accidental poisoning
 Store all products in their original containers, out of the
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reach of children.
Do not store or use household products in food containers.
Never mix cleaning agents or chemical bottles together
with drugs.
Make sure the area is well-ventilated when using
chemicals.
Do not spray chemicals (including pesticides) when
children are in the area.
Teach children never to smell or taste a container to
identify what is inside.
Risk of Accidental Poisoning
Harmful effects of lead poisoning
Mental retardation
Growth retardation
Learning difficulties
Loss of hearing
To reduce the risk for other types of poisoning in
children:
 Don’t apply lead paint in your home.
 Follow safe handling recommendations for all
foods.
 Remove the toxic plants in your home or
garden.
 Discuss with children about the dangers of
using illegal drugs which selling in streets.
eg: Barbul,Beeda
THE END