Transcript Ongoing Biomedical Device Work in Engineering

BIOMEDICAL DEVICES
A MULTI/INTER-DISCIPLINARY SUBJECT
Effective treatments of patient health problems are often limited by
devices, technologies and medications currently available.
Breakthroughs are needed!
Biology, chemistry and physics inform
both medicine and engineering.
Engineering applies controlled experimentation and physical-mathematical
modeling to conceptualize, design, fabricate and lab-test prototype devices.
Collaborations with industry lead to the development, fabrication and
clinical testing of ‘final’ human-compatible biomedical devices.
The work requires multi/interdisciplinary teams of specialists working
collaboratively to generate (i) devices that cure disease and save lives
and, possibly, (ii) valuable intellectual property.
PURPOSE OF THIS PRESENTATION
• Provide some examples of ongoing biomedical device work in
engineering
• Motivate medical and engineering folks to seek each other out to:
– Identify and analyze the limitations and grand challenges facing
medicine and/or engineering in order to make needed breakthroughs
together
– Identify and resolve any barriers or impediments to productive
collaborations
– Identify and seek funding in support of research collaborations
– Collectively approach the SEAS and SoM administration for strong
support of these efforts
UVa Artificial Heart Project
Houston Wood, Paul Allaire, Alex Untaroiu
[email protected]
University of Virginia
Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
UVa Artificial Heart Project
Houston Wood, Paul Allaire, Alex Untaroiu
Project Objective
Design a compact, axial flow Ventricular Assist Device
with magnetically levitated impeller
Aorta
physiological
 suitable
pressures and flow rates
in size for implantation
 streamlined,
RV
LV
unobstructed flow path
 minimal
propensity for red blood cell damage
(low hemolysis)
 reduced
likelihood of blood stagnation coagulation (thrombosis)
Left Ventricular Assist Device
George T. Gillies, Joseph A. C. Humphrey
• Biophysical Modeling of Flows within the Brain
School of Engineering and Applied Science
University of Virginia
[email protected], [email protected]
Blood Flow By-Pass Catheter
Humphrey and Gillies in collaboration with Drs. L. Gimple and M. Ragosta
Applications:
(i) thrombi (PVD)
(ii) restenosis
(iii) plaque passivation
(iv) improved imaging
Schematic shows two renderings of a double-lumen bypass device designed
to divert the flow of blood (red) approaching a thrombus or other lesion
(purple) while dispensing a stream with medication (blue) to a thrombus (or
other lesion) at controlled flow rates independently of the flow of blood.
Blood Flow By-Pass Catheter
Humphrey and Gillies in collaboration with Drs. L. Gimple and M. Ragosta
Ultimate objective is the ‘on-the-spot’ fabrication of
catheters using a research methodology that
combines:
(i) geometrically- and dynamically-scaled experiments
(ii) computational fluid dynamics, heat and mass
transfer
(iii) genetic algorithms for randomly-guided
optimization
(iv) micro-fabrication techniques
to evolve optimal, patient-specific devices
Novel Access Device for Femoral Artery Catheterization
Michael Ragosta, M.D. – Concept and Clinical Need
Scott Lim, M.D. – Design Guidance
Srijoy Mahapatra, M.D. – Design Oversight
George T. Gillies, Ph.D. – Prototype Development
SOM-Cardiology/SEAS-MAE
Problem: Percutaneous puncture of femoral
artery is inexact and may result in access of
a side branch potentially leading to a
complication.
Potential solution: Need a method to allow
an injection of contrast while maintaining a
method to introduce a guide wire and the
system should be small enough so that
repositioning the needle will be easy and not
cause bleeding
Concept to prototype time: 6 weeks!
Device fabricated using only
FDA-approved components.
Counter-Current Fluid-Fluid Flows Mixer C2F3M
Humphrey (in collaboration with Landers’ lab, Chemistry)
On demand mixing: Two counter-flowing streams meet in the open space
between a pair of separation plates where they split in the presence of
pressure and shear forces that induce good mixing. This mix-and-split
feature of the single unit has been built into a multi-unit prototype mixer.
Applications range from small (sub-mm) to large (dm) devices.
Counter-Current Fluid-Fluid Flows Mixer C2F3M
Humphrey (in collaboration with Landers, Chemistry)
Entering clear stream (bottom channel)
Entering dyed stream (top channel)
Exiting mixed streams
Gregory J. Gerling, PhD
Assistant Professor
Department of Systems & Information
Engineering
University of Virginia
[email protected]
General Research Interests:
• Computational neuroscience for understanding touch
• Human-computer interaction for medical simulation and
training (design, prototyping, evaluation)
• Human performance modeling
• Decision support systems and automated control
• Biomechanics, sensory rehabilitation and restoration
Virginia Prostate Exam Simulator
with Dr. Marcus Martin, Emergency Medicine & Reba Moyer Childress, Nursing
Our central premise is that simulators, to be useful, must monitor and provide
feedback on trainees’ technique, facilitate the training experience via augmented
feedback, and utilize a range of graded practice scenarios that accurately reflect
disease progression.
Design Requirement
Posterior section
Basic Elements of
Physiologically
Accurate Anatomy
Rectal Wall
Accurate Prostate
Size/Stiffness
Entire Range of Disease States
Multiple
Scenarios
Reconfigurable
Graded
Technique
Feedback
Performance
Simulators with Corresponding Disease State Representations
Simulator
Normal
Prostate
Prostatitis
BPH
No Cases
One Case
Normal
state
No Cases
Nasco
(with torso)
One Case
Normal
state
No Cases
Nasco
(without torso)
Virginia
Prostate
Examination
Simulator
(VPES)
One Case
Normal
state
Four Cases
Left lobe only inflamed
Right lobe only inflamed
Left lobe and center
inflamed
Right lobe and center
inflamed
Prostatitis with cancer (34
scenarios)
Carcinoma
Three Cases, 3 Scenarios
Under skin tumor
Small tumor on the outside of skin
Entire prostate is cancerous
Two Cases
BPH only
BPH with early cancer nodule
Three Cases, 3 Scenarios
Early cancer in normal prostate
Early cancer in hyperplastic prostate
Late invasive cancer
Four Cases
Left and right lobes inflamed with
sulcus intact, no tumors
Mild inflammation with sulcus mostly
obliterated, no tumors
Left and right lobes inflamed with
sulcus mostly obliterated, no tumors
BPH with cancer (17 scenarios)
Three Cases, 96 Scenarios
Single tumor cases of 4 different sizes
Multiple tumors of different sizes
Entire prostate is cancerous
62 different cancer scenarios
No tumors on the outside of skin, this is
not necessary to replicate
Simulation Framework for Training Chest Tube
Insertion Using Virtual Reality and Force Feedback
with Dr. Marcus Martin, Emergency Medicine & Reba Moyer Childress, Nursing
• Simulation of the chest tube
insertion procedure
– Utilizes force feedback
– Teaches cognitive tasks and
info management
– 18 procedural steps broken
into 6 major tasks
– Status / Navigation Aids
Post performance report
Secure Mobile Computing Using Biotelemetrics
Ben Calhoun (ECE), Travis Blalock (ECE), and
Alfred Weaver (CS)
• Goal: develop a low-power integrated circuit with
a biometric sensor, microcontroller, and radio
• Chip attaches to body like a Band-Aid
• Collects biometric data, performs some local
processing, and transmits data over a wireless
channel to a mobile device, e.g., PDA or laptop
• Initially we are using a heart rate sensor,
Bluetooth, and an HP iPAQ PDA
• Ultimately the chip will be powered using energyscavenging from the body, and will support
additional sensors
• We will be able to export the biometric signal
over the Internet—securely—to anywhere in the
world
• Prototype using discrete logic is currently
operational
• First IC expected spring 2008