Transcript Sparta and Athens

Sparta and Athens
CH 5 Section 3
Chapter review
• Who were the earliest known Greeks?
• What is an acropolis?
• What book tells the story of the Trojan
war?
• Someone who took power but had the
peoples support?
• The Olympic games were held every 4
years in honor of who?
Sparta the Military Ideal
• A group of people moved into the area of
Peloponnesus and conquered the people there
• {Helots The conquered people of Peloponnesus
forced to work for the new invaders}
• The invaders conquered Sparta and made it
their capital
• Sparta was located in a valley as opposed to a
hill like other Greek city-states
• They did not surround the city with walls for
defense
• This might explain why the Spartans developed
very differently becoming highly militarized
Spartan Society
• The Society had three social groups
• The Equals- descendants of the invaders they
controlled the city-state and divided the land
equally among themselves
• Half citizens- were free but had no political
power, they paid taxes and served in the army
• Some Half citizens farmed, others lived in town
and some even became rich
• Helots- were the slaves; Spartans decided how
they worked and lived they outnumbered the
Spartans and hated them
Spartan Govt.
• They had two kings
• One led the army the other was head of the
Govt.
• Council of elders- made up of 28 male citizens
over the age of 60
• The Council proposed laws and acted as a
criminal court
• The assembly was made of all male citizens
over 30 yrs old
• They voted on the laws proposed by the council
and they elected {ephors who made sure the
king stayed within the laws}
Govt. Continued
• There were five ephors who served one year
terms
• Ephors also had control of the education of all
young Spartans
Spartan Military Society
Military
• The idea was to make every adult male
citizen part of the Spartan Military machine
• When born if there are any birth defects
you are left to die in the wilderness
• Babies were bathed in wine to toughen
their skin and were taught not to be afraid
of the dark
• They were also taught not to be picky
about the food they ate
Life of Spartan Male
• At 7 you left home and lived in a military
barracks where you learned to read and write
• From 18 to 20 you were trained for war
• At 20 you began your military service and could
marry
• You could not live in your own home till 30
• You could not engage in trade or business
because love of money interfered with discipline
• You remained eligible for military service until
the age of 60
• Older men were to work for the public good not
focus on their private lives
Spartan Women
• {As future mothers Girls were also
brought up strong and healthy}
• Genetics, {They received strict physical
training} and were taught to be loyal to the
city-state
• Boys and girls studied music to learn
coordination and discipline
• The Spartan society created little in the
way of art, literature, philosophy and
science.
Athens: The Birth of Democracy
Athens
• Located on one of the least fertile parts of
Greece, Athenians turned to the sea to
trade goods
• They built their city inland in order to
protect it from pirates and invaders
• Athens was a typical polis built around the
rocky hill of the Acropolis
• In times of war the people took refuge
inside the walls of the city
The Walls of Athens
Society
• Citizens were top in society, they might be
aristocrats or poor farmers, only men had
political rights
• Females could not vote or hold political office
• {Metics Free non citizens born outside of
Athens
• They worked as merchants or artisans they were
free and paid taxes like the citizens}
• They could not take part in government or own
land
• As always slaves were at the bottom these were
people captured in war
Draco
Early Government
• After Athens Monarchy ended the city-state had
an aristocratic government
• Only citizens who owned land held office
• All adult male citizens, however, met at
assembly
• They elected generals in times of war
• They also elected nine {Archons a ruler elected
to rule for one year}
• {Draco is a Archon believed to have written
Athens first law code}
• The law code was considered very harsh
Solon
• Was a Archon in Athens in 594 BC
• He noticed more poor selling them selves
into slavery over debt
• He erased the debt of the poor and
outlawed slavery in payment of debt
• He also divided the citizens into 4 groups
• The two richest could hold public office
• All citizens could sit in assembly and the
assembly elected those officials
Solon
Democracy
• {Cleisthenes seized power in Athens and
created a direct democracy all citizens
participated directly in making decisions}
• He divided the Athens citizens into 10
tribes
• Each tribe chose 50 men to form the
council of 500
• Members served one year and could not
be chosen twice
Continued
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The council proposed laws to the assembly
Athens courts also became more democratic
Each man could plea his own case
Jurors voted on a secret ballot
{Juries were chosen by lot not Nobles}
This was a direct democracy
Present day democracies like the U.S. use
representative democracy in which we elect
representatives to govern for us
Section Review
• Who were The conquered people of
Peloponnesus forced to work for the new
invaders?
• Who made sure the king stayed within the
law?
• What city state made sure their women
had physical training?
• Who wrote the first Athenian law code?
The End?
Section 4
Daily life of Athens