Transcript religious approach

Ronny Tri Wirasto
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
To understand
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the role of religion in all aspects of health
care: preventive, curative and rehabilitative.
Physician and religious issues
 Today many psychiatrist and physician discuss
about religious and spiritual in psychiatry and
illnesses
 Psychiatrists and physician are now beginning to
recognize the importance of religious and spiritual
beliefs as a potential source of strength to many
patients dealing with the stress of mental illness and
physical illness
Physician and religious issues
 By knowing a spiritual history and understand a
patients belief, values and religious culture.
Psychiatrists and physician become equipped to
evaluate whether these beliefs are helping or
hindering the patient
 Question asked can included : whether they are
currently active in church or mosque or other
religious services
Physician and religious issues
 In a study published in journal of family Practice, 77
% of 203 inpatients surveyed said physicians should
consider patient’s spiritual needs
 37 % wanted their physicians to discuss religious
beliefs them more frequently, and nearly one in two
wanted their physician to pray with them .
Physician and religious issues
 A national poll conducted by USA Weekend found
that 63 % of those surveyed felt that physicians
should talk inpatients about their spiritual faith,
while 10 % of their doctors had done so
 Up to now many psychiatrists and physician
remain unaware of the central role religious faith
might play in helping patients deal with serious
illness
Physician and religious issues
 One study at duke Univ. Medical center found that
44 % of hospitalized medical patients indicated
that religious beliefs were the most important
factor in coping with their illness, but only 9 % of
physicians agreed
 A survey of 30 psychiatric patients with diagnoses
including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder ,
unipolar depression, schizoaffective disorder, and
personality disorder found 57 % attended religious
services and prayed at least daily
Physician and religious issues
 A substantial 83 % felt that spiritual belief had a
positive impact on their illness through the comfort it
provided and the feeling of being cared for and not
being alone it fostered.
 However 38 % expressed discomfort with mentioning
their spiritual or religious concerns to their therapist
 A 1997 survey showed that 68 % f psychiatric patients
and 72 % of medical patients relied on religion as a
source of strength
 Only 10 % of psychiatric patients and 2 % of medical
patients indicated not deal at all.
Physician and religious issues
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The study found that 88 % of the psychaitric
patients and 76 % of the medical patients
reported having those or more specific
religious needs while hospitalized. Those
include :
The need to know god’s presence (84 % of psych
pat, and 83 % of med pat)
The need for prayer (80 % psych pat and 88 %
med. Patients)
The need for a visit from a chaplain to pray with
them (65 % psy pat. 66 % medical patients)
Physician and religious issues
• For to often these religious issues have been neglected
• A growing number of research studies are religious
commitment may be a source of strengh in prevention
of , coping with and recovery from serious illness
• Study in 1998 found that the greater the instrinsic
religious experience , the faster patients recovered
from depression
• They defined instrinsic (religious) as the extent to
which a person views their religious beliefs as one of
the major motivating forces in their decisions and
behavior
Physician and religious issues
 For every 10 points increase in the intrinsic
religiousity score , which range from 10 to 50 , there
was a 70 % increase in speed of remission
 Religious beliefs and behaviors may lead to faster
resolution of some types of depression
The WHO quality of life domains
 Physical health
 Psychological health
 Level of independence
 Social relationships
 Environment
 Spirituality, religion and personal beliefs
IN POPULATION
20 %---------------60 %-----------------20 %
MH
MD
MH = MENTAL HEALTH
MD = MENTAL POPULATION
Practice of Holistic Medicine
 Holistic is defined as pertaining to all aspects
of human nature – physical, mental,
emotional, and spiritual.
 To approach health holistically is to consider
the mind, emotions, spirit and entire body
when addressing the health of a person, not
just the area that is manifesting the
symptoms.
Practice of Holistic Medicine
 The underlying foundation and prerequisite for
true healing is compassion for the patient, and
consideration of all aspects of the patient’s
nature, including the family, culture, spiritual
and community.
Spiritual care and medical treatment
 Until recently the health professions have largely
followed a medical model, which seeks to treat
patients by focusing on medicines and surgery,
and gives less importance to beliefs and to faith -in healing, in the physician and in the doctorpatient relationship
Spiritual care and medical treatment
 This reductionism or mechanistic view of patients
as being only a material body is no longer
satisfactory
 Patients and physicians have begun to realize the
value of elements such as faith, hope and
compassion in the healing process.
Questions of spirituality
 What is spirituality
 How does it relate to religion
 What is the distinction between healing and
cure, and how may this be relevant to
multidisciplinary medical practice
 How has spirituality been researched
Questions of spirituality
 What are some of the findings
 How may a person’s spiritual needs be assessed
 What knowledge skills and attitudes pertaining to
spirituality can be taught
 Could they benefit clinicians as well as patients
Spiritual
 Beyond the mind-body connection, there is a source
of inspiration that you can access. This is your
spiritual connection.
 Working with spirits means reaching beyond your
understanding of your own limits to access a greater
healing power.
 You can bring this healing power into your life and
your patient’s healing.
 It can take the form of prayer, inspiration, intuition or
insight.
To work with spirit
 It is not necessary to subscribe to a particular
religion in order to work with spirit.
 You can explore your own beliefs about what
spirit means to you.
 Intuition, gut feelings, hunches, meditation,
and prayer are only a few of many spiritual
processes.
To work with spirit
 When you pay to attention to these
gifts, you can increase your
awareness of your patient’s health
condition and gain important
insights to help you and your
parenting decision.
To access spiritual
 You can help your patient to access their spiritual
connection by teaching them to pray, discussing
your beliefs, reading spiritual books, attending
church or mosque, helping others in need,
creating rituals, attuning to the moon and the
seasons, and taking walks in nature.
To access spiritual
 Nature is a potent healing force and an
essential part of the healing process.
 Meditation is suitable for patient and can be as
simple as observing or counting breaths.
 Teaching patient prayer or meditation trains
them to tune in to their spiritual lives and to
notice the many ways in which they are
blessed.
Benefits of spiritual care
 Improved self-control, self-esteem and
confidence
 Recovery facilitated, both by promoting the
healthy, grieving of loss and through
maximizing personal potential
Benefits of spiritual care
 Relationship improved - with self, others and with
God
 A sense of meaning, resulting in renewed hope
and peace of mind, enabling people to accept and
live with their problems
Spiritual values
 Kindness, compassion, generosity
 tolerance, patience, honesty
 creativity, joy, humility
 wisdom
Spiritual skills
 being able to create a still, peaceful state of
mind (as in meditation or pray)
 being able to stay mentally focused in the
present, remaining alert and attentive
 developing above-average levels of empathy,
discernment and courage
Spiritual skills
 having the capacity to witness and endure
distress while sustaining an attitude of hope
 being self-reflective and honest with oneself,
especially about areas of ignorance, also when
angry, afraid or in doubt
 having an above-average level of being able to
give without feeling drained
 being able to grieve appropriately and let go
RELIGIOUS APPROACH
 For illness patients, religious approach is
certainly needed as early as possible soon after
the diagnosis or even since the suspicion of
the probability of illness detection.
 Religious approach is needed because
principally people are religious creatures who
always have faith.
RELIGIOUS APPROACH
 In fact to solve the problem only with science
and knowledge alone evidently cannot
provide satisfaction and cannot make peaceful
mind.
 Although the science and technology growing
up very fast, they cannot solve various
problems in this life.
 Quantitative concept has never given people
satisfaction
Religion in modernization era
 It seems that religion gets behind science
and knowledge since in describing natural
circumstances, science is considered tough
in excluding what is not true out of his body
and replace it with something new from
time to time.
 It even appears more clearly in
modernization era in which dependency on
religion is getting less.
Religion in modernization era
 Modernization itself frequently bring
negative impacts to social life like
frustration.
 Those condition make people pay greater
attention to religion.
 Disappointment, insecurity, and mental
emptiness resulting from modern life style
make people seek for something strong and
everlasting to hold on with in order that
they get protected and feel peacful
Religion as guidelines
 Human beings need guidelines and
certainty since logic have failed to satisfy
them.
 In finding peace of mind, a lot of people
return to religion and perform religious
services.
 Many people feel that by performing
religious services properly and seriously,
they have provided themselves with a very
strong spirit power which provides a calm
feeling, peaceful and assured mind.
Religion as guidelines
 The feeling of peace that the patients feel
may have significant therapeutic value to
reduce mental tension.
 The patients will feel the effect of the
therapeutic value resulting from a very
serious religious service which is the
manifestation of a sincere dedication from
human beings to the God, that they
mentally and physically accept the glory of
the God and promise to be always obedient
and faithful to the God.
Homeostasis condition
 Sincere dedication will present homeostasis
condition to the patients, therefore, treating
patients with mental and physical illness do need
religious approach in order that they can achieve
homeostasis condition.
Homeostasis condition
 Correlation between religious obedience and
health condition have not been studied and
reported by medical experts whereas actually in
medical practice, religious approach is always
employed even though only in the form of pray.
Religion and general health status
 It was reported that in general religious
obedience plays a role of protection against the
probability of uterus cancer, cervix cancer, other
cancers, intestinal colitis, enteritis,
cardiovascular disease, hypertension and stroke.
Religion and general health status
 It was also reported that there are
close association between religious
obedience and general health
status, general mortality, rate of
morbidity and mortality in some
religious leaders.
Religion and general health status
 In general those who are obedient in performing
religious services will be able to overcome their
illness in better way.
 They will have shorter period of recovery process.
 Religious obedience will also prevent people from
committing suicide.
7 MECHANISMS THAT MAY LINK RELIGIOUS
INVOLVEMENT TO POSITIVE HEALTH OUTCOMES
 1. REGULATION OF INDIVIDUAL LIFESTYLES AND
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HEALTH BEHAVIORS
2.PROVISION OF SOCIAL RESOURCES
3.PROMOTION OF POSITIVE SELF-PERCEPTIONS
4.PROVISION OF SPECIFIC COPING RESOURCES
5.GENERATION OF OTHER POSITIVE EMOTIONS
6. PROMOTION OF HEALTH BELIEFS
7.OTHER HYPOTHESIZED MECHANISMS
A Holistic point of view
 The holistic approach to health does not reject
conventional medicine, but is a sensible,
complete form of healing that considers your
patient’s entire picture of health and uses the best
and most appropriate options for healing.
A Holistic point of view
 It is a process of strengthening every system of the
mind-body and allowing your patient’s natural
healing potential to flourish. Many of the chronic
health problems that affect patient will respond
best when addressed from a holistic point of view.
Practice integrative
 Doctors who practice integrative or holistic
medicine establish healing partnerships with
their patients and emphasize prevention and self
care.
 They consider the patient’s thoughts, feelings and
beliefs when prescribing treatment.
Practice integrative
 They may incorporate one or several therapies
into their practices and/or work in partnership
with other practitioners either through referrals
or by working directly with them.
 More and more medical doctors are aligning with
integrative medicine and you may be able to do
that.
The role of parent in holistic health care
 Finding a holistic doctor can be important, but
good health really begins at home with
breastfeeding, good nutrition, quality food, a
non-toxic environment natural remedies to
strengthen immunity, and mental emotional and
spiritual nurturing.
The role of parent in holistic health care
 Parents are the coordinators of holistic health
care for the family.
 Parents know their child’s body, mind,
emotions, and spirit better than anyone else.
 By carefully assessing their children in each of
those area, they can prioritize their needs and
focus on what may be diminishing their
health.
Curing and healing
 It is important to acknowledge that there is a
difference between curing and healing.
 Curing means the elimination of symptoms or
signs of a disease.
 Treatment with drugs, surgery, herbs, or other
methods may cure you by relieving the
symptoms of discomfort, pain, or disease.
 However, unless the underlying pattern of
dysfunction is stopped, the symptoms may
recur
Healing
 Healing goes deeper than curing, and occurs
when the root cause is overcome and the
systems of the mind-body, including emotions
and spirit, are strong and vital.
 Although health care professionals can help
facilitate healing, the ability to heal ultimately
comes from within.
Conventional health care
 The current system of conventional health care can be
enormously frustrating and lacking in real answers
for patient diagnosed with chronic health problems.
 Visits to the doctor may result in drug prescriptions
with which you may not feel comfortable.
 The medication may keep the symptoms in check, but
what you really want is for your patient to completely
heal and reclaim health and vitality.
Practical use of the philosophy
 Healing is usually not as simple as taking a pill or
a natural remedy.
 Patient are all different and their mind-bodies are
complex.
 You may hear of a treatment that has worked for
another child, but this does not necessarily mean
it will help your unique patient.
How do you decide
• How do you decide which therapies to use for your
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patient’s particular condition?
It helps to first get diagnosis to determine where to
begin
Then you can focus on specific pieces of the puzzle
and take a look at each aspect of your patient to
determine the specific needs.
Keep in mind that the body, mind, emotions, and
spirit are all interrelated, each one impacting the
others.
Some treatments will affect several or all aspects of
your patient’s health.
The Holistic health assessment
 The following factors are important to consider in determining
your patient’s entire picture of health.
 Many chronic illnesses can be alleviated or healed completely
after making certain changes in these critical areas.
 Keep in mind that although environmental and structural
problems may seem physical in nature, these factors can greatly
affect your patient’s mental and emotional health.
 Mental and emotional nurturing can positively affect the
physical body.
 Your patient is one mind-body with all these interrelated,
interactive systems, emotional stress,and environmental will
impact his or her entire being.
Mental-emotional
 There has been an enormous amount of
research done on how thoughts and emotions
affect the cells, organs and tissues of the body.
 Many researches and clinicians have reported
the negative health effects of hopelessness,
depression and the bottling up of emotions.
 Thoughts and emotions actually generate
physiological substances that affect the
process in the body.
The field of
psychoneuroimmunology
 The field of psychoneuroimmunology is helping us to better
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understand how the nervous, immune and endocrine systems
communicate.
Neuropeptides and neurotransmitters are messengers released
by the brain that influence the cellular activity in the body.
White blood cells (key factors in getting rid of bacteria and
cancer cells) receive direct messages from the brain through the
nervous system.
These are just some of the communication paths between the
mind and body
Your patient’s state of mind definitely influences the
development of and the healing of illness.
Need of a psychotherapist
 If needed, a psychotherapist can provide support for
and be a guide for your patient’s mental and
emotional healing.
 Art or music therapy can be very helpful for patient to
get in touch with their feelings.
 Imagery is a fun and powerful mental technique that
allows patient to use their imagination to influence
their health.
 They can use guided imagery to calm themselves
down, relieve pain, increase immunity to disease,
increase body image, increase learning or athletic
potential, and promote healing.
Approaching health holistically
 Approaching health holistically means that you
strive not only to be free from disease, but also to
create deeper healing on all levels.
 Preventive measures of holistic health can
become a way of life for the whole family.
How to apply an holistic approach
 One of the guiding principles of an holistic approach
to health is to respond to the person as a whole ( body,
mind, and spirit) within the context of their
environment ( family, culture, and ecology).
 This is perhaps particularly important when the
people being treated are facing illnesses that are
potentially life-threatening and where there is no
clear orthodox cure.
Holism
 Is the balanced integrity of the whole, encompassing
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body, mind, spirit and social environment.
The term holistic suggest whole-ness.
Holistic approach is not just a simple prescription for
treatment.
It involves adopting a lifestyle that encourages peace
of mind, health and enjoyment in life.
Essential elements in this proposed treatment model
include exercise, mood control techniques, and
effective support systems.
Exercise
 The body needs exercise to stay healthy.
 Through perspiration, toxins that are in the body can
exit through the sweat glands.
 Individuals with mental disorder (manic depressive)
report that their mood more stable when their bodies
are fit.
 Choose an exercise program that makes sense to you
and practice it daily.
 There are hundreds of exercise programs available
and you only need one that is right for you.
Mental control techniques
 There are several techniques of mental control to
choose from.
 These include:
 hypnosis
 meditation
 accelerated conditioning
 relaxation
 These techniques can make a difference when
the
mood swings first start.
 They may not be as effective if the mood swings are
acute or intense
Using technique for mood
control
 The first step in using techniques for mood control is
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to pick a technique that interests you.
When your mood is relatively stable, learn that
technique.
You are more likely to master a technique when your
mood is stable.
If you have been tracking your mood swings, then you
have an idea of when is the best time to master a
technique.
Once the technique is mastered then it is time to
apply it when you feel your mood starting to swing.
Social support
 During the onset of disease or disorder, social
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activities and social contacts usually suffer.
When a patient is depressed they tend to hide from
people.
Part of a healthy lifestyle is being able to interact
with others in a meaningful way.
Religious individuals with disease or disorder will
often stop going to pray as the illness develops.
Some feel guilty for the behaviors done.
All healthy social supports are necessary and will
be helpful in the future.