Transcript Do Now: What words do we associate with the word “Nike”

Do Now:
In journal/binder, compare
and contrast Sparta and
Athens using a Venn Diagram.
Athens and the Fall of City-States
Chapter 10: Section 3 & 4
Athens
• Located to the northeast
of Sparta, on the Aegean
coast
• Had a very different lifestyle compared to
Spartans
–interested in art,
philosophy, literature,
and trade; not just
military
Athenian Government
• By 750 B.C.E. Athenian
nobles and merchants took
over the government.
• They set up an oligarchy
• Many fights broke out over
land ownership and showed a
need for government reform
• Draco made the first attempt
at reform, but he failed
because his punishments
were too harsh.
Solon
• Solon, a rich merchant, took
over the government in 594 B.C.E.
• He prepared a constitution which
broke up the political power of the rich.
• His credits include:
– limited how much land a person could own
– gave landowners the right to vote
– assembly was given right to pass laws
– ordered every father to teach his son a trade
Democracy in Athens
• In 508 B.C.E. a noble named
Cleisthenes took over the
government of Athens.
• He put into effect the first
constitution that was
democratic
• It favored the equality of all
people
– for example: freedom of
speech
• Lasted for almost 300 years
Democracy in Athens Cont.
• Opened the assembly to all males over 20 years
old
• Each year the assembly elected 10 generals to run
the army and navy and to serve as magistrates, or
judges.
• The Council of 500 handled the daily business of
Athens
• Council member were chosen by lot rather than
voting because people were afraid people with
money would have unfair advantage and believed
every citizen was smart enough to hold office
Athenian Boys and Young Men
• Citizens were required to educate their sons
– had a tutor or sent to private school at age of 7
– studied writing, mathematics, and music
– practiced sports and memorized literature
• Athenian males became citizens at the age of 18
– took oath of citizenship at the temple of Zeus
in front of family and friends
– promised to be honorable in battle, follow the
constitution, and respect their religion
One army controls everything in brown.
Another army controls everything in
green. What problems may occur?
• In 545 BCE the
Persians conquered
Ionia. (The Greek
city states in Asia
Minor.)
• In 525 BCE the
Greeks revolted and
were helped by
Athens.
The Persian Wars
• Darius, the Persian king wanted to
punish the mainland Greeks for
helping the Ionians
• In 490 BCE, Darius prepared for
attack in the plain of Marathon,
northeast of Athens.
• The Greeks ran down hills towards
unprepared Persians and won the
Battle of Marathon.
• The Greeks began creating Triremes
or multilevel war ships to attack the
Persians if they were to return.
NIKE!
Persian Wars Cont.
• In 480 BCE the Persians returned
under their new king Xerxes.
• The Greeks were forced to band
together with the Spartans leading
the Army and the Athenians
leading the Navy.
• The Spartans challenged the
Persians at the battle of
Thermopylae.
• Were able to hold off the Persians
for three days by holding them at a
narrow pass
Persian War: Battle of Salamis
• Then, the Greeks tricked the
Persians into sailing into the
strait between Athens and
Salamis.
• The Greeks were able to defeat
the larger Persian ships because
the Greek ships were faster and
the Persian ships could not all
pass at once.
• In 479 BCE The Persian War
ended at the battle of Plataea,
with a Greek victory.
Battle of Salamis
The Delian League and the Athenian
Empire
• The Athenians suggested the city-states
form a defensive league, or the Delian
League, to protect themselves from
future attacks.
• The league worked well for a while, but
over time Athens gained great power
– other city-states had to ask Athens
permission to trade or sail
– Athenian coins replaced Greek
money
• League turned into the Athenian
Empire
Pericles of Athens
• The main leader of Athens at
the time was Pericles, who
was called the first citizen.
• Led Athens for over 30 years
• Rebuilt Athens and built
Parthenon using money
from Delian League in order
to beautify the city
• Art, Philosophy, and
Literature flourished
Decline of Athens and City-States
• The more powerful Athens became, the more
resentful other city-states became of Athens
• Grew weak because of the Peloponnesian war, which
was fought over control of Athens
– A plague spread and land was destroyed
– Men left to become mercenaries in Persian army
• After the war, Greeks lost their sense of community
– became more interested in money
– bitterness rose between upper and lower class
• Greece was no longer strong enough or united
enough to fight off invaders
Athenian Army
• After taking oath of citizenship at age 18, men went to
military school for two years of training/service
• The people elected two athletic trainers and instructors
for them, to teach them how to be heavy-armed soldiers
and to use the bow, javelin, and sling
• Some might then join the army, if they preferred, while
the rest went about their lives but…
…they were on active duty-- to be called upon if needed for
battle
Athenian Navy
• Had a fleet of triremes—three levels of rowers
• The triremes were 100 -120 feet long and 20 feet wide
• Each ship has approximately 170 rowers—mostly made up
of Athens poorer citizens--who were paid
• At the Athenian Navy’s peak, there were about 400
triremes which required almost 80,000 rowers!!
Trireme