Transcript Greece made up of mountainous terrain and islands which

Ancient Greece!
Warm Up
1. Analyze the map on p. 126 and answer the
questions.
2. Read the box on p. 131 on mythology and
answer the question.
3. Read the “World Literature” excerpt
from the Odyssey on p. 133 and answer
the questions.
HW:
Begin working on Unit 2
Qualifier
Greece: mountainous terrain and islands kept
cities isolated from each other
Early Peoples of Greece
1. Minoans
• 2700-1450 BC on the
island of Crete
• peaceful traders
• King’s palace had
many rooms:
– bright paintings of
rural/sporting scenes
• We can’t decipher the
writing
• Destroyed by
Mycenaean invasion in
1450 BC
2. Mycenaens
• 1600-1100 BC on mainland of
Greece
• Loose alliance of independent
city-states
• Warriors:
– decorations in homes show
battle/hunting scenes
• Traders- also extended land
through conquest (Minoans)
• Most famous story from Homer
= Trojan War
• Fell into trouble, conflicts
between states, earthquakes,
invasions, etc.
Minoan Civilization
Island of Crete
-farthest SOUTH of the Greek islands
Trojan War- c. 1250 BC (lasted 10 years)
• High King Agamemnon of the
Mycenaens
– He united the Greeks by conquering the
Greek city-states (city-states still had their
own kings, but they HAD to show loyalty to
King Agamemnon)
– led troops in sacking Troy (modern day
Turkey) in revenge of his brother, the king
of Sparta (whose wife Helen was considered
the most beautiful woman in the world, but
she fell in love and ran away with Prince Paris
of Troy)
Historical Perspective: What was the CAUSE?
-Some say war was actually about Helen
-Some say war was about controlling the trade route of the
Aegean Sea and Black Sea (led into Asia) $$$$$$$$$$
- Historians debate the reality of Trojan War- but the lesson
isn’t whether or not it was fact/fiction, but rather do we know
the truth of WHY we go to WAR? Does the public know why
we go to war; do leaders use patriotism to rally the people?
Clips …………
TROY trailer
Achilles- Greatest Warrior
Achilles and Odysseus, King of Ithica
Princes of Troy: Hector and Paris
Homer
• Most famous Greek poet
– He was blind
– Didn’t record his works
• Storytelling was a skill
• (think about people you know who
are good at retelling great stories
AND those people who are horrid at
it…you KNOW a few)
– composed epic poems:
• about heroic event /person
• Most famous poems are
– Illiad:
• last year of Trojan War, climactic
battle between Hector and Achilles;
– Odyssey:
• Greek King Odysseus traveling
home to Ithaca after war
• Homer’s poems:
– used to teach history, literature,
honor, courage to the Greeks
Dark Age
• 1100-750 BC
• Don’t really know what
happened:
– no records
– Called “dark ages”
because history is in the
dark about events of
this time
• What we know:
– Some movement into Asia
Minor (modern day Turkey)
and the Peloponnesus
• Simplified writing
Greek City-States
• Polis:
– what Greeks called their city-state
• Acropolis:
– fortified area near polis, main gathering place
• Agora:
– open area under acropolis, used as market
• People extremely loyal to own polis
– Distrusted all others (including Greeks from another polis)
– Outsiders were seen as untrustworthy b/c clearly there was a reason
their own polis sent them away
• Athens practiced ostracism- if you broke Athenian laws, they kicked you out for 10
years…… Would this work in our country?
• Army made up of hoplites:
– heavily armed infantry (foot soldiers)
– fighting formation called phalanx:
• soldiers stood shoulder to shoulder in rectangular formation
Government
• Greeks wanted rule
of law:
– everyone obeys laws
– Even the king and
priests
In America- we practice indirect
democracy (we don’t all drive to
Washington, DC, to cast a vote on
EVERY issue. We elect
representatives who vote for us.)
In Athens- all citizens with rights
voted on EVERY issue (direct d.)
description
example
Monarchy
rule by one
Sumer, Akkad,
etc.
Theocracy
Rule by God/
divine authority
Israel/ modern
Iran
Democracy
Rule of many
See below
Direct
democracy
All citizens vote Athens
on every issue
Oligarchy
(“oligarky”)
Rule by the few Sparta
Republic
Rule by elected Rome
officials
Sparta
Sparta
• Incredibly militaristic
– all Spartan men in army/ all Spartan women supported army
– Very disciplined, no frills, simple food
– Famous Spartan black broth (salt and pigs blood)
• Men:
– lived/ate/practiced together in barracks
– Boys:
• went into military training at 7 (left family, lived in barracks)
• Women:
– took care of home, very physically fit and tough, role was to have lots of
kids and raise them as good Spartans with honor
• (shield story)- see clip of what a wife says to her husband before he goes to war
• Government:
– Oligarchy: 2 kings and a council of elders
• People intellectually isolated from world
– no travel, no philosophy or art taught, no questioning Spartan ways
– This is Sparta...
– Phalanx-battle formations
We will come back to the Persian Wars (where the Greeks battle the Persians)
-these clips from the film 300, portray the Battle of Thermopylae from the Persian Wars
-as with any clips shown in class, please get your parent’s permission before
viewing the whole film at home
• Shield Story – shows the strength of Spartan women and the role HONOR
plays in their society… you come back carrying the shield because you
won the battle, or they carry your body back on it.
• Spartans- What is your Profession?
– Other Greeks could have different professions, but Spartans were
warriors
• Battle of Plataea- Persian Wars
– Follow up battle where the Greeks beat the Persians on land a year
after the Persian victory at the Battle of Thermoplylae (where the 300
Spartans fought but were defeated)
– We will come back to this history
• Read the article “The Making of Spartan
Soldiers” and answer the questions. Be
prepared to turn in your answers and
DISCUSS!
Athens
Athens
• Early government changeable:
– From monarchy (king)
to aristocratic oligarchy (wealthy elite)
to direct democracy (the people!)
• Direct democracy– every male citizen to have a say and then vote on every
issue
• 3 types of people:
– citizens w/ rights (men);
– citizens w/o rights (women and children);
– non-citizens (slaves and foreigners)
• Emphasized art, philosophy, culture
– (we will come back to this)
US Government v. Athenian democracy
• Complete the handout
GREECE and the birth of
DEMOCRACY, using
p. 136 in the text.
• Posted on the class
weebly under Unit 2.
Democracy in
Greece CLIP
US Government v. Athenian democracy
United States
Voters consist of
whom?
Duties of people
involved in
government?
Branch of US
government/ body of
people in Athens
Legislative
-Congress
-makes laws
Branch of US
government/ body of
people in Athens
Executive
-President & Cabinet
- enforces laws
Branch of US
government/ body of
people in Athens
Judicial
- Courts
-determine if
laws are constitutional
Ancient Athens
Differences
Greek Religion
• Considered religion necessary for welfare of state
– Win a war IF gods favored you
– Lost a war IF you displeased gods
• After death:
– people went to dim place ruled by Hades
• Tried to know will of gods through oracles:
– priests/priestesses in temples to gods,
– most famous oracle at Delphi, usually purposefully vague
• And also hallucinating by burning and inhaling incense
• Tried to gain favor of gods through competitions/festivals
(Olympics, etc.)
• Polytheistic; main gods/goddesses:
– Zeus: chief god
– Athena: goddess of wisdom
– Apollo: god of sun
-Poseidon: god of seas
-Aphrodite: goddess of love
-Ares: god of war
Greek Religion
When watching the following clip, keep in mind HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE:
-As we have been discussing since day #2, history is written by the victors and conquerors
-Does anything shock you about the differences between Persians and Greeks and how they are
portrayed in history?
-Other thoughts?
• Crash Course- Greeks and Persians
Persian Wars c. 492-449 BC
• Persians conquered Ionia (Greek city-state)
– 499 BC Athens helped Ionians revolt
• Persians landed at Marathon
– 26.2 miles from Athens for battle
• Athenians scored shocking victory;
– Pheidippes ran all the way to Athens to tell of victory
• (he then died; thus we get the name for OUR marathons!!!!!)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
• Persian Emperor Xerxes
– marched troops over to Greek mainland
– Greeks were far outnumbered; Spartans held mountain
pass at Thermopylae so other Greeks could regroup
• Persians were defeated by Athenian navy at the
battle of Salamis and finally led by the Spartan
military at the battle of Plataea. GREEKS WON!
Persian Wars