Transcript Roach: Antiparasitic Drugs

Introductory Clinical
Pharmacology
Chapter 16
Antiparasitic Drugs
Copyright © 2008 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Types of Parasitic Infections
• Helminths
– Ringworms, pinworms, hookworms, tapeworms
• Protozoal/Malarial
– Protozoal: Giardia
– Malarial: Malaria
• Amebial
– Amebas: intestinal / extraintestinal (ex. Liver)
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Anthelmintic Drugs: Actions and Uses
• Albendazole: Interferes with synthesis resulting in
death of larva; used to treat larval forms of pork
tapeworm; liver, lung, and peritoneum disease
caused by dog tapeworm
• Mebendazole: Blocks glucose uptake by helminth;
used to treat whipworm, pinworm, roundworm,
American hookworm, and common hookworm
• Pyrantel: Ability to paralyze helminth; used to
treat roundworm, pinworm
• Thiabendazole: Interrupts the life cycle of the
helminth; used to treat threadworm
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Anthelmintic Drugs: Adverse Reactions
• Generalized adverse reactions
– Drowsiness; dizziness; nausea; vomiting;
abdominal pain and cramps; diarrhea
• Serious adverse effects
– Rash
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Antiprotozoal Drugs: Actions and Uses
• Actions
– Interfere with life cycle of the
plasmodium (the pathogen that is transferred
from human to human by mosquitoes)
– Prevents development of plasmodium
– Prevents the mosquito from ingesting the
plasmodium
• Used for the treatment of malaria
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Examples of Malaria Medications
• cloroquine (Aralen)
• doxycycline (Vibramycin)
• mefloquine (Lariam) - Prevention & Treatment
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Antiprotozoal Drugs: Adverse Reactions
• Gastrointestinal reactions
– Vomiting; anorexia; abdominal cramping;
diarrhea; and nausea
• Other body system reactions
– Headache; dizziness; visual disturbances;
hypotension; photosensitivity; cinchonism
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Amebicides: Uses
• Metronidazole (Flagyl) used to treat:
– Intestinal amebiasis
• Chloroquine hydrochloride
– Treatment of extraintestinal amebiasis
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Amebicides: Adverse Reactions
• Gastrointestinal adverse effects
– Nausea; diarrhea; vomiting; abdominal
cramps; anoxeria
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Anthelmintic Drugs – Nursing Process:
Assessment
• Preadministration assessment
– Diagnosis of helminth infection – examination of
stool; weigh patient to determine drug dosage
• Ongoing assessment
– Save and transport all stools passed after intake of
drug to laboratory
– Acutely ill – monitor vital signs; record fluid
intake/output every 4 hours
– Observe patient for adverse reactions
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Anthelmintic Drugs – Nursing Process:
Implementation
• Educating patient and family members
– Instruction about taking the drugs as well
as the household precautions to be
followed until helminth is eliminated;
avoid contact w/ infected stool
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Antiprotozoal Drugs – Nursing Process:
Assessment
• Preadministration assessment
– Identify and record vital signs and summary
of nature and duration of symptoms;
perform laboratory test; evaluate the
patient’s physical status
• Ongoing assessment
– Monitor vital signs; observe client for
symptoms of malaria; record and report
health status to primary health care
provider; measure and record fluid intake
and output
Copyright © 2008 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Ambecides – Nursing Process:
Assessment
• Preadministration assessment
– Examine stool; investigate travel history;
record patient’s vital signs and weight;
evaluate general physical status
• Ongoing assessment
– Measure fluid intake and output; observe
for signs of dehydration; monitor client’s
vital signs every 4 hours
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End of Presentation
Copyright © 2008 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.