Transcript LWW PPT Slide Template Master

Chapter 1: Anatomical
Terminology and Body
Movements
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Anatomical Position and Body Regions
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Planes of Reference
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Directional Terms
• Anterior (ventral): front
• Posterior (dorsal): back
• Superior (cephalad): closer to top of head
• Inferior (caudal): closer to feet
• Proximal: closer to trunk
• Distal: farther from trunk
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Directional Terms (cont’d)
• Medial: closer to midline
• Lateral: farther away from midline
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Ipsilateral: on same side of body
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Contralateral: on opposite side of body
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Unilateral: only on one side
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Bilateral: on both sides
• Superficial: closer to surface of body
• Deep: farther away from surface
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Directional Terms (cont’d)
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Movements
• Flexion
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Bending (elbow, shoulder, wrist, neck, spine, knee, hip, ankle)
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Usually a forward movement (except knee & toes)
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Decreases angle between bones or body parts
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Dorsiflexion: moving foot so that toes point toward nose
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Plantarflexion: moving foot so that toes point toward ground
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Lateral flexion: side bending
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Movements (cont’d)
• Extension
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Straightening (elbow, shoulder, wrist, neck, spine, knee, hip)
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Usually a backward movement
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Increases angle between bones or body parts
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Hyperextension: extension past anatomical position
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Movements (cont’d)
• Rotation
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Movement around an axis (head, arm, thigh, trunk, forearm)
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Supination: movement of hand & forearm laterally (palm up)
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Pronation: movement of forearm & hand medially (palm down)
• Abduction
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Movement away from midline (arm, hip)
• Adduction
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Movement toward midline (arm, hip)
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Movements (cont’d)
• Circumduction
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Combination of 4 movements:
• Abduction
• Adduction
• Extension
• Flexion
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Performed continuously so distal end of part traces a circle
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Can only occur at joints that permit 4 movements listed
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Occurs in shoulder, hip, knuckles
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Movements (cont’d)
• Horizontal Abduction
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Movement of arm along plane of horizon & away from body
• Horizontal Adduction
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Movement of arm in a horizontal plane across midline of body
• Inversion of Foot
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Soles of foot move toward midline of body
• Eversion of Foot
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Soles of foot move away from midline of body
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Movements (cont’d)
• Elevation
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Upward (superior) movement (scapula & mandible)
• Depression
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Downward (inferior) movement (scapula & mandible)
• Protraction
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Anterior (forward) movement (scapula & mandible)
• Retraction
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Posterior (backward) movement (scapula & mandible)
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Movements (cont’d)
• Upward Rotation
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Scapula moves so that glenoid fossa turns upward
• Downward Rotation
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Scapula moves so that glenoid fossa turns downward
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