Transcript Golden RAtio - Мостове през Историята

Art
From the origins to
the 1000 a.C.
Golden Ratio
The golden ratio is a special number approximately equal to
1.618. If you divide a line into two parts so that: the longer
part divided by the smaller part is also equal to the whole
length divided by the longer part then you will have the
golden ratio. The golden section is also a term that describes
a unique measurement phenomenon in nature wherein the
off-centered proportional finite value of about 5 to 8
represents a measurement with infinite values.
Many artists, architects and mathematicians believed (and
still believing) this proportion is aesthetically pleasing.
Mathematicians have studied the golden ratio because of
its unique and interesting properties.
Unfortunately , we have very little information about
ancient painting as regards the golden section ; the only
ones we have are related to architecture.
The Great Pyramid of Giza
Mathematics in art was firstly used by the ancient Egyptians. It is almost
certain that they used golden section to design their great Pyramids.
If we take a cross section of the Great Pyramid, we get a right triangle, the
so-called Egyptian Triangle. The ratio of the slant height of the pyramid
(hypotenuse of the triangle) to the distance from ground center (half the
base dimension) is 1.61804 ... which differs from phi by only one unit in the
fifth decimal place. If we let the base dimension be 2 units, then the sides of
the right triangle are in the proportion 1:sqrt(phi):phi and the pyramid has a
height of sqrt(phi).
The Great Pyramid of Giza
The Parthenon
The Parthenon is a temple which is dedicated to the Greek goddess
Athena and it is located in Acropolis, Athens. Goddess Athena was
considered to be protector of the town. Although it was constructed in
438 B.C, its decoration continued until 432 B.C.
Once its ruined triangular
pediment is restored, ...
the ancient temple fits almost
precisely into a golden rectangle.
Further classic subdivisions of the
rectangle align perfectly with
major architectural features of
the structure.
Parthenon is the most important building of those which have survived of
Classical Ages. It is considered to be built at the peak of the development of
the Doric order. Its decorative sculptures are considered some of the high
points of Greek art. The Parthenon is regarded as an enduring symbol of
Ancient Greece and of Athenian democracy and one of the world's greatest
cultural monuments. The Greek Ministry of Culture is currently carrying out a
programme of selective restoration and reconstruction to ensure the stability
of the partially ruined structure.
Phidias
The Greek sculptor Phidias sculpted many things including the
bands of sculpture that run above the columns of the Parthenon.
Even from the time of the Greeks, a rectangle whose sides are in
the "golden proportion" has been known since it occurs naturally
in some of the proportions of the Five Platonic. This rectangle is
supposed to appear in many of the proportions of that famous
ancient Greek temple in the Acropolis in Athens, Greece.
The ratio phi took its name from the
Greek sculptor Phidias because he
used it frequently in his sculptures.
Porch of Maidens
Great Mosque of Kairouan
It was the first mosque existed in North Africa
and it is the most famous. It was built by Uqba
ibn Nafi in 670 A.D. in Tunisia. The researches
have shown that the golden ratio is applicated
in the design of the Mosque.
Students:
Koumaditi Kleopatra
Mpakogianni Christina
Nikolaou Eirini
Laura Marolleau