Transcript Hypothermia - Nature`s Silent Killer

Clothing: Important for
Survival?
©
1996 by Gaelic Wolf Outdoors
Hypothermia: What is it?
It’s a silent killer of those who are not
prepared to face a cool, wet day.
It happens when your body is not able to
make enough heat to replace the warmth
you lose to the environment around you.
©
1996 by Gaelic Wolf Outdoors
REMEMBER THIS:
If left untreated, hypothermia can kill.
Nobody ever froze to death — instead, they
died of hypothermia.
The freezing part came later...
...and only if the temperature of the
surrounding environment was below
freezing.
©
1996 by Gaelic Wolf Outdoors
Technically Speaking
Hypothermia is a medical condition that
results from the body’s inability to
adequately replace heat lost to the
surrounding environment.
It can be reversed with appropriate care.
©
1996 by Gaelic Wolf Outdoors
YOU have had it before!
Have you ever felt cold?
Did you begin to shiver?
Did you shiver so hard that you couldn’t
stop the shaking?
©
1996 by Gaelic Wolf Outdoors
Hypothermia Weather
It’s cold. It’s wet. I wish I was just about
anywhere else. I sure as heck didn’t
sign on for this!
The weather doesn’t have to be freezing
for you to get hypothermia. A 50°F
(10°C) day with wind and rain will do
just fine, thank you very much!
©
1996 by Gaelic Wolf Outdoors
Responding to the Cold
Environment
The amount of heat you can generate
(metabolism and exercise) is small in
comparison to what you lose in a cold
environment
You have to prevent heat loss!!
Unrelieved cold water immersion or low air
temperatures and wind without adequate
protective clothing usually results in lethal
hypothermia
©
1996 by Gaelic Wolf Outdoors
Shivering = Involuntary
Change in Heat Production
Involuntary shivering -> response to a
drop in the body core temperature
What interferes with the ability to shiver?
Alcohol, some medications, low blood
sugar, and exercising to exhaustion
©
1996 by Gaelic Wolf Outdoors
Best Option? PREVENTION!
Preparation can and will save your life. Plan
for worst case scenario to avoid
hypothermia.
There are two things you can do:
1. Reduce heat loss
2. Increase heat production
They won’t help you if you don’t apply them,
though...
©
1996 by Gaelic Wolf Outdoors
What to Wear?
Clothing does not prevent much heat loss if
the type of clothing is inadequate
Special-purpose vapor barrier clothing
-> to prevent or slow down evaporative heat
loss
Adequate clothing traps layers of warm air
next to your body
©
1996 by Gaelic Wolf Outdoors
A Word About Jeans...
Cotton denim is just about the WORST fabric you
can wear in wet weather
If the cuffs of your jeans are out where they can get
wet, the wicking action of cotton carries the
water upwards
Wet cotton denim in a breeze will transport heat
away from your body as much as 240 times as
quickly than if your skin is dry in calm air
©
1996 by Gaelic Wolf Outdoors
At Risk Situations
Alcoholics are one of the groups at highest
risk for developing hypothermia because:
• Excess alcohol interferes with shivering
• Alcoholics are often malnourished
• Heat loss rates are increased because alcohol
dilates the peripheral blood vessels
• Alcohol intake causes dehydration
©
1996 by Gaelic Wolf Outdoors
At Risk Situations (cont)
Unprotected immersion in water cooler than 60°70°F (16°-21°C) places you at risk
Injured people are more likely to develop
hypothermia -> shock or other complications
Hypothermia can develop rapidly if you are
immobilized involuntarily or voluntarily
©
1996 by Gaelic Wolf Outdoors
At Risk Situations (con’t)
Adverse weather conditions (high winds, low
temperature, precipitation) can lead to
hypothermia unless…
1. dressed adequately
2. adequately hydrated
3. taken in enough food
©
1996 by Gaelic Wolf Outdoors
Recognizing Hypothermia
You need to watch both yourself and the
people with you for signs and symptoms
If one member has obvious signs -> assume
others likely have milder forms of
hypothermia
©
1996 by Gaelic Wolf Outdoors
Signs of Mild Hypothermia
• person complains of feeling cold & are often wet
• frequently shivering to some extent – may be unnoticable
• loss of interest in any activity beyond getting warm & very
negative attitude
• Problems with muscular coordination -> starts with fine motor
tasks in the hands
• Gradually unable to keep up with the group & trouble walking
over rough terrain
• As core temperature continues to drop, stumbling becomes
frequent, and person is clumsy with any task
©
1996 by Gaelic Wolf Outdoors
Profound Hypothermia
Profound Hypothermia = core temperature of 90°F (32°C)
or lower
Five most common signs
1 — Mental changes
2 — Incoordination – standing/walking
3 — Cold skin – pale, bluish
4 — Acetone odor on breath-fruity
5 — Urine-soaked clothing
Near Death?
No one should be pronounced dead until they have been
carefully rewarmed to near normal core temperature without
successful resuscitation
©
1996 by Gaelic Wolf Outdoors
Treating Mild Hypothermia
(Above 90°F (32°C))
If placed in a warm environment this group of hypothermia
victims will rewarm with no complications
Remove and replace wet clothing with dry
Warm (body temperature) ->liquids may be given by mouth
although there is virtually no warming effect
Heat sources such as heating pads or hot water bottles may be
used as external heat sources, and should be placed at points
of least insulation (trunk, neck)
A second person in a sleeping bag can provide additional
warmth
©
1996 by Gaelic Wolf Outdoors
Treating Profound Hypothermia
Want to avoid ventricular fibrillation while slowly
re-warming the patient
Rescuers can trigger Ventricular Fibrillation through
rough handling of the hypothermia victim
Manipulating the victim’s limbs can pump cold blood
back toward the heart, which can reduce its
temperature enough to trigger ventricular fibrillation
Patients with profound hypothermia need to be handled
as gently as they would if they had a spinal fracture
instead
©
1996 by Gaelic Wolf Outdoors
Immersion Hypothermia
When you are suddenly immersed in cold water, several
things happen:
* Your heart rate may increase as a result of fear
or panic
*most people immersed in cold water survive this
initial stage
*Try to control breathing
DANGER! — NEVER dive into cold water!
©
1996 by Gaelic Wolf Outdoors
Immersion Hypothermia
(con’t)
• A positive attitude and will to survive are very
important in cold water immersion incidents
• It will not extend survival times beyond those dictated
by the water and your body
• It will help prevent you from giving up
• Knowledge of how immersion hypothermia works and
being prepared will definitely help you to extend your
survival time
©
1996 by Gaelic Wolf Outdoors