Transcript About the Persian Empire

Entry Slip #1
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Identify at least one expectation I have of
you in this classroom.

Explain the importance of expectations
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Discussion as a class and review of
expectations
Hello, Sports fans!
Warm up activity:
Evaluate the strengths and
weaknesses of the Lions and Wild
Cats.
Highlight the teams in different
colors!
Textbook Activity:

Read pages 260-263 and answer
questions in complete sentences.
A long time ago, on a
continent far, far away…
Introduction to the
Persian Wars
Read handout and take notes in
your interactive notebook
28.1
The Persians
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The Persian Empire was the largest and
most powerful empire of its day.
Map of Persian Empire at the time of the Persian Wars (490-479 B.C.)
About the Persian Empire
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The Persians started out as a small tribe in
present-day Iran
They built a large empire by conquering their
neighbors
Persian archers won many battles by unleashing
a storm of arrows before their enemies were
close enough to use their spears
At its height, it was one of the largest empires
the world has ever known
It conquered Mesopotamia, Asia Minor, Syria,
Egypt, and parts of India and Europe
About the Persian Empire
and King Darius
King Darius was one of the Persian
Empire’s greatest kings
 He divided the empire into 20 provinces
 He established a tax collection system and
appointed officials to rule local areas
 He allowed conquered areas to keep their
own customs and religions
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Look at the picture of…
Darius at a war council
Pick out 8 details
 Draw a Line to each
 Label it
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28.2
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Write 3 guesses about what is happening
in the picture
Ionian Revolt
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The Ionian Revolt began in 499 B.C.E. and it
marked the beginning of the Greek-Persian wars
In 546 B.C.E., the Persians had conquered the
wealthy Greek settlement of Ionia
The Persians took the Ionians’ farmland and
harbors
They forced the Ionians to pay tributes (goods)
The Ionians also had to serve in the Persian
army
Ionian Revolt continued
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The Ionians knew they could not defeat the
Persians by themselves, so they asked mainland
city-states of Greece to help
Athens sent soldiers and a small fleet of ships to
help
Unfortunately for the Ionians, the Athenians
went home after have some success and the
small Ionian army had to fight alone
In 493 B.C.E., the Persians defeated the Ionians
and punished them by destroying the city of
Miletus
Many of the Ionians were sold into slavery
Phalanx
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The Greek fighting forces were arranged
in phalanxes, or tight rectangular blocks of
men with long spears.
Greek phalanxes in battle.
Greek soldiers were known
as “hoplites”.
Greek phalanx from the side showing men in the back.
Brainstorm:
 List
3 facts you just learned and 1
thing you are confused about
Look at the picture of…
The Battle of Marathon
Pick out 8 details
 Draw a Line to each
 Label it
 Write 3 guesses
about what is
happening in the
picture
28.3
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Battle of Marathon
Persian army
has 20,000
men.
 Athenians
send out a
force of
10,000 to
meet them.
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The Battle of Marathon
How It Began
After the Ionian Revolt, King Darius decided to
conquer the city-states of mainland Greece
 He sent messengers to ask for presents of Greek
earth and water
 The present were to be a sign that the citystates accepted Persian rule
 The Greeks refused to pay the tributes of earth
and water, and legend has it they threw the
messengers in pits and wells saying, “If you
want Greek earth and water, help yourselves!”
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Battle of Marathon
Darius was furious, so in 490 B.C.E. he
sent a large army of foot soldiers and
cavalry across the Aegean Sea by boat to
Greece
 The army assembled on the plain of
Marathon
 Greek commanders decided to fight the
Persians at Marathon
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Battle of Marathon
Help from Sparta?
The Athenians were so desperate for help
during the battle they sent a runner to
Sparta
 He ran for 2 days and 2 nights
 When he arrived the Spartans were taking
part in a religious festival
 They told him they could not leave Sparta
until the next full moon
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The Battle of Marathon
How the Greeks Won
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The Athenians and their allies had to face the
Persians alone
The Greeks spread themselves out across a
narrow valley and for days both sides hesitated
to attack
Finally, the Greeks decided to attack
The center part of the Greek line advanced and
when the Persians came to the center to meet
them, the left and right sides of the Greek army
attacked
Soon the Persians were running for their ships
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Then, the Spartans showed up just in time
for the Battle of Thermopylae… 10 years
later.
Sorry we’re late, what did we miss????
Exit Slip

Use your knowledge of our last lesson topic
when we compared two city-states- Athens
and Sparta.
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Do you think it was “mean” of Sparta to not
support Athens right away in the Battle of
Marathon?
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Write 3-4 COMPLETE sentences explaining
your answer
Warm up Discussion
What was the Battle of Marathon?
 Who was involved?
 When did the Spartans finally get
involved?
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Turn to the picture of
The Battle of Thermopylae
Pick out 8 details
 Draw a Line to each
 Label it
 Write 3 guesses
about what is
happening in the
picture
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28.4
The Battle of Thermopylae
Read handout and
complete graphic
Organizer/ guided notes
10 Years Later...Round Two
Battle of Thermopylae
Darius I had died, and his son
Xerxes I was now King of Persia.
 Xerxes still wanted to add Greece
to the giant Persian Empire.
 He sent troops over land to
invade Greece in 480 B.C.
 This time, the Spartans were on
the ball, and met the Persians in a
narrow pass at Thermopylae.
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Xerxes I.
Battle of Thermopylae
Xerxes led men by
land and sea to attack
Greece.
 His army totaled c.
250,000 men.
 They met 7,000
Greeks at
Thermopylae.
 The Greeks held them
off for three days.
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Route of Xerxes I to Thermopylae and
beyond in 480 B.C.
Battle of Thermopylae
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The Greeks were led by the Spartan
general Leonidas.
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The Persians sent their best
soldiers, called “The Immortals”,
but they were held off.
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Eventually a Greek traitor showed
Xerxes a way around Thermopylae.
Leonidas.
Battle of Thermopylae (Cont.)
Leonidas realized his forces were
surrounded.
 He ordered the other Greeks to retreat.
 He and his Spartans sacrificed themselves.
 All 300 died !!
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Exit Slip:
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Think- Ink- Say:
How were the Persians eventually able to
defeat the Spartans?
 How were the Spartans able to hold off
such a large Persian army?
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Entry Slip
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Think- Pair- Share
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Identify the key people in the Battle of
Thermopylae.
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How many men fought that battle?
Look at the picture of…
Battle of Salamis
Pick out 8 details
 Draw a Line to each
 Label it
 Write 3 guesses about what is happening
in the picture
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28.5
The Battle of Salamis
Athens Burns
When the news of the slaughter at Thermopylae
reached Athens, the citizens panicked
 They boarded ships and sailed to nearby islands
 The left in such a hurry they had to leave their
pets behind and legend has it one loyal dog
followed a ship the whole way to its destination
where it died on the shore
 Only a small army was left to defend Athens and
within two weeks Athens was burned to the
ground
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The Battle of Salamis
The Navy to the Rescue
An Athenian navy leader, Themistocles,
thought he knew of a way to beat the
Persians
 He wanted to fight the Persians in the
narrow channels between the islands and
the mainland
 The Persians would find it hard to
maneuver their ships
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The Battle of Salamis
Tricking the Persians
For the Greeks plan to work, they had to get the
Persian ships into the channel near a place
called Salamis
 Themistocles decided to set a trap so he sent a
loyal slave to deliver a message to Xerxes
 The message said Themistocles wanted to
change sides and join the Persians
 The message said if the Persians attacked now,
half of the Greek sailors would surrender
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The Battle of Salamis
Outcome
Xerxes fell for the trick
As the Persians approached, the Greek ships
seemed to retreat but this was just another trick
to draw Persians further into the channel
 Soon the Greeks had them surrounded
 The Greek ships had wooden rams in the front
and they rammed the Persian boats, crushing
their hulls and sending 300 ships to the bottom
of the sea
 The Greeks lost 40 ships but managed to defeat
the Persian army
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The Battle of Plataea
Read the handout and
complete section of
reading guide…
Answer the Question in your guided notes:
How did the Greeks win the Battle of
Platea?
Exit Slip:

Pick 1 battle and write down 3 Key facts
about that battle.