Transcript Chapter 9 Study Guide Key

HONORS CHAPTER 9 STUDY GUIDE
7th Grade Honors World History
VOCABULARY
Cavalry – a unit of soldiers who ride horses. The
Persian empire was known for their use of
cavalry, helping to make them so victorious in
battle
 Hellenistic – Greek-like - when a cultural idea is
heavily influenced by Greek ideas (Example –
cities of Alexandria created by Alexander.)
 Alliance – agreement to work together – as in the
Persian Wars
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VOCABULARY
Phalanx – A square fighting formation –
commonly used by Alexander & Sparta
 Satraps – Governors in the Persian empire that
ruled provinces for the king
 Helots – Slaves in Sparta – made up majority of
population & heavily relied upon
 Parthenon – Great temple in Athens dedicated to
the goddess Athena. Commissioned by Pericles
after the Persian Wars.
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PEOPLE TO KNOW
Cyrus the Great – Rebelled against the Medes to
create the Persian Empire. Known for letting
others keep their customs to help prevent
rebellions
 Darius I – Leader of the Persians when Greek
mainland city-states sent help to the Ionian citystates. Leader during the Battle of Marathon
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PEOPLE TO KNOW
Xerxes I – the son of Darius. Was the leader of the
Persian Wars during the battles of Thermopylae,
Salamis & Plataea. Set up his golden throne to watch
the Battle of Salamis – which he lost, forcing him to
retreat to Persia
 Alexander the Great – Macedonian King – came to
power after his father was murdered. Helped to create
the largest empire in the world at that point. Never lost
a battle. Died at age 32 from malaria.
 Philip of Macedonia – Father of Alexander the Great.
Conquered the Greek city-states.
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PEOPLE TO KNOW
Plato – Student of Socrates – best known for creating a
school for scientists & philosophers to discuss ideas
 Socrates – Athenian Philosopher who thought his
students to question everything – including the gods.
Was then sentenced to death for doing so.
 Euclid – Studied Geometry – many geometry rules used
today were crated by him
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BATTLES OF THE PERSIAN WARS
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Battle of Marathon –
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490 BCE
Persians want revenge for city-states helping the
rebelling Ionian Greeks.
Athens asks Sparta for help – they said no due to a
religious festival
Athens out numbered 2 to 1
Due to better weapons & plans – Athens wins!
Outcome – Persians will want revenge
BATTLES OF THE PERSIAN WARS
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Battle of Thermopylae –
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Persians are seeking revenge for Battle of Marathon
Led by Xerxes – brings at least 250,000 men
This is led by the Spartans – hold them off at the narrow
pass – until a traitor tells them away around the mountains
Spartans fight to their death
Persians win and march on to Athens & burn it down
Greeks are motivated to fight back
BATTLES OF THE PERSIAN WARS
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Battle of Salamis –
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Athenians had earlier built up their Navy
Athenian Themistocles wants to fight in the narrow
straights
Tricks Xerxes into battle
Xerxes sets up gold throne to watch
Little Athenian ships destroy the large Persian ships
because the large ships can’t maneuver
Win for Greece! Xerxes must return to Persia
BATTLES OF THE PERSIAN WARS
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Battle of Plataea
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Fought by a united Greek front and left over Persians
Greece Wins!
This ends the Persian Wars
Defeat humiliating for Persians, but not a major loss
Greeks save their homeland!
SHORT ANSWER
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
The Medes
He is upset because the mainland Greeks helped out
the revolting Ionian Greeks.
Darius and Xerxes were both Persian leaders that
fought against the Greek city-states.
Age 60
Spartan life revolved around the military. Everything
that was done, was done for the good of the “state.”
Focus was on obedience and structure.
SHORT ANSWER
In Athens, more focus was put on intellectual study.
Boys did have some military training, but more focus
was put on reading, writing, speaking & the arts. Girls
received little/no education and women had very little
rights.
7. Live in Athens or Sparta? You explain!
6.
SHORT ANSWER
8. Alexander’s troops refused to go on and fight – forcing
Alexander to turn around and head home
9. He died of malaria – a disease commonly from a mosquito
10. After Alexander died he left his empire to “the strongest”
It was split between 3 top generals
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2.
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King of Macedonia/Greece
King of Syria
King of Egypt – Ptolemy
11. So many of Greek achievements are important because
they are so long lasting and influence our art, architecture,
philosophy, and government.
12. The Peloponnesian War – fought mainly between Sparta
& Athens weakened the city-states and left them open for
invasion from the Macedonians