Transcript american red cross first aid& cpr training

COURSE AGENDA
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WELCOME
COURSE RECORD & ADDENDUM
PURPOSE
RECOGNIZING & RESPONDING TO
EMERGENCIES
• OVERCOMING BARRIERS
• GOOD SAMARITAN LAWS
COURSE AGENDA
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CONSENT
PREVENTING DISEASE TRANSMISSION
EMERGENCY ACTION STEPS
CHECKING AN ILL OR INJURED PERSON
CHECKING A CONSCIOUS ADULT
CHECKING A CONSCIOUS CHILD OR INFANT
RECOGNIZING AND CARING FOR SHOCK
WELCOME
• INSTRUCTOR: KASANDRA SMITH
• PLEASE BE SURE NAMES ARE WRITTEN LEGIBLY ON
COURSE RECORD
• PURPOSE IS TO HELP IDENTIFY AND ELIMINATE
POTENTIALLY HAZARDOUS CONDITIONS; RECOGNIZE
EMERGENCIES; MAKE APPROPRIATE DECISIONS FOR
CARE
• CORRECTLY ANSWER 80% OF QUESTIONS FOR EACH
SECTIONS (5)
• CPR CERTIFICATES VALID FOR 1 YEAR. FIRST AID -3 YEARS
BEFORE GIVING CARE
• LOOK FOR SIGNS OF AN EMERGENCY
– BLOOD, SMOKE, FIRE, BROKEN GLASS, PEOPLE
CROWDED AROUND
– PERSONS WHO ARE NOTICEABLY
UNCOMFORTABLE
– SOMEONE HOLDING THEIR THROAT OR PULLING
AT COLLAR
– DROWSINESS OR CONFUSED FOR NO KNOWN
REASON
SIGNS OF AN EMERGENCY CONT.
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UNUSUAL ODOR TO BREATH
SMELLS OF GAS OR UNRECOGNIZABLE SMELLS
SCREAMING
SUDDEN SILENCE OF AN INFANT OR CHILD
TIRES SCREECHING
METAL CRASHING
CHANGES IN MACHINERY SOUNDS/PITCH
OVERCOMING BARRIERS
• BARRIERS
– UNCERTAINTY ABOUT CONDITION OR
INJURY/ILLNESS
– FEAR OF CATCHING DISEASE
– FEAR OF DOING SOMETHING WRONG
– FEAR OF BEING SUED
– ASSUMING SOMEONE ELSE WILL DO IT
WAYS TO
OVERCOME BARRIERS
• GET TRAINED IN CPR, FIRST AID, OR AED
• AVOID CONTACT WITH BODY FLUIDS BY USING
PPE OR FOLLOWING STANDARD/UNIVERSAL
PRECAUTIONS
• BE FAMILIAR WITH GOOD SAMARITAN LAWS
GOOD SAMARITAN LAWS
• PRESENT IN ALL 50 STATES
• BASIC PURPOSE IS TO PROTECT PEOPLE WHO
VOLUNTEER TO GIVE EMERGENCY CARE
• ACT IN GOOD FAITH
• ARE NOT NEGLIGENT
• ACT WITHIN YOUR SCOPE OF PRACTICE
CONSENT
• ALWAYS ASK!!!!
• OBTAIN CONSENT
– STATE YOU NAME.
– TELL PERSON YOU ARE TRAINED IN CPR & FIRST
AID
– ASK IF YOU CAN HELP
– EXPLAIN WHAT YOU THINK MAY BE WRONG
– EXPLAIN WHAT YOU PLAN TO DO.
CONSENT CONT.
• IF PERSON REFUSES CARE
– DO NOT GIVE CARE, BUT CALL 911
• IMPLIED CONSENT
– UNCONSCIOUS, CONFUSED OR SERIOUSLY ILL
• MINOR
– OBTAIN PARENTAL CONSENT IF PRESENT; OTHERWISE
CONSENT IS IMPLIED
PREVENTING DISEASE TRANSMISSION
• TREAT ALL BODY FLUIDS AS THOUGH THEY ARE
INFECTIOUS(UNIVERSAL/STANDARD
PRECAUTIONS)
• WASH HANDS IMMEDIATELY AFTER GIVING CARE
OR USE HAND SANITIZER
• AVOID CONTACT WITH BLOOD/BODY FLUIDS
• USE PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
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GLOVES
MASKS
FACE SHIELDS
GOOGLES IF AVAILABLE
EMERGENY ACTION STEPS
• CHECK
– CHECK SCENE FOR SAFETY
– CHECK PERSON FOR LIFE-THREATENING CONDITIONS
• CALL
– CALL 911
• CARE
– CARE FOR INJURED OR ILL PERSON
– IF ALONE: CALL FIRST OR CARE FIRST
– CALL FIRST SITUATIONS
• UNCONSCIOUS ADULT OR ADOLESCENT 12 OR OLDER
• WITNESSED COLLAPSE OF A CHILD OR INFANT
• UNCONSCIOUS INFANT OR CHILD HIGH RISK FOR HEART PROBLEMS
EMERGENCY ACTION STEPS
• CARE FIRST SITUATIONS:
– GIVE 2 MINUTES OF CARE, THEN CALL 911
– UNWITNESSED COLLAPSE OF AN UNCONSCIOUS
PERSON YOUNGER THAN 12
– ANY DROWNING VICTIM
MOVING THE PERSON
• TRY TO AVOID MOVING IF POSSIBLE
• MAY LEAD TO FURTHER INJURY
• WHEN TO MOVE PERSON
– IMMEDIATE DANGER/SCENE BECOMES UNSAFE
– NEED TO REACH A PERSON MORE SERIOUSLY
INJURED
– TO GIVE THEM EMERGENCY CARE
– TRY TO LOG ROLL PERSON
CHECKING A CONSCIOUS ADULT
(12 OR OLDER)
• GET CONSENT
• ASK PERSONS QUESTIONS
• HEAD TO TOE QUICK EXAM(BE CAREFUL NOT
TO MOVE INJURED/PAINFUL PARTS)
• GIVE CARE BASED ON CONDITION/NEEDS
• CHECK FOR MEDICAL ID
BRACELETS/NECKLACES
SHOCK
• LIFE-THREATENING
• LACK OF BLOOD SUPPLY TO ALL BODY PARTS
• USUALLY RESULTS FROM SEVERE INJURY OR
SEVERE BLEEDING/FLUID LOSS
• BODY SYSTEMS AND ORGANS FAIL
• REMEMBER CHECK, CALL, CARE
• ASK QUESTION ( ARE YOU IN PAIN?, ANY
NUMBNESS?, TAKING ANY MEDICATIONS, HAVE
ANY MEDICAL CONDITIONS?
SIGNS/SYMPTOMS OF SHOCK
• PALE SKIN
• COOL, CLAMMY SKIN
• RAPID, WEAK PULSE. MAY BE DIFFICULT TO FEEL, IF SO
CHECK CAROTID
• RAPID, SHALLOW RESPIRATIONS
• WEAKNESS
• EXTREME ANXIETY/AGITATION
• CONFUSION
• VOMITING
• BLURRED VISION
• DILATED PUPILS
TREATMENT
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CALL 911
KEEP PATIENT CALM
COVER WITH BLANKETS TO PREVENT CHILLING
DO NOT GIVE FOOD OR DRINK
CONSTANTLY REASSURE VICTIM
TRY TO STOP BLEEDING
ELEVATE FEET IF NO HEAD INJURY OR DIFFICULTY
BREATHING PRESENT
BREATHING EMERGENCIES &
CONSCIOUS CHOKING
• CHOKING IS BREATHING EMERGENCY
• IF A PERSON CAN COUGH, LEAVE THEM
ALONE
• UNIVERSAL SIGN OF CHOKING
– CLUTCHING OF THROAT
– NO SOUNDS OR UNABLE TO SPEAK OR BREATHE
CONSCIOUS CHOKING-ADULT
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CHECK, CALL, CARE
LEAN FORWARD
5 BACK BLOWS
5 UPWARD ABDOMINAL THRUSTS
CONTINUE UNTIL OBJECT IS REMOVED,
PERSON CAN BREATHE OR COUGH
FORCEFULLY, OR BECOMES UNCONSCIOUS
UNCONSCIOUS CHOKING
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CHECK, CALL, CARE
A-AIRWAY
B-BREATHING
C-CIRCULATION
TILT HEAD
2 RESCUE BREATHS(BREATHS DO NOT GO IN)
30 COMPRESSIONS
LOOK FOR OBJECT
NO OBJECT REPEAT PROCESS
IF OBJECT SEEN, REMOVE IT, THEN 2 RESCUE BREATHS,
THEN CHECK FOR SIGNS OF LIFE
CPR
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CHECK
CALL
CARE
A-AIRWAY (HEAD-TILT/CHIN LIFT)
B-BREATHING (2 RESCUE BREATHS)*
C-CIRCULATION (CHECK FOR PULSE NO MORE THAN 10
SECONDS)
• D-DEFIBRILLATION
• COMPRESSIONS -30 (INFANT ½ - 1”; CHILD 1’-1 ½”)
• RESPIRATIONS -2 (JUST ENOUGH TO MAKE THE CHECK
RISE AND FALL)
BREATHING DURING CPR
• ADULT/CHILD RESCUE BREATHS SHOULD LAST
APPROXIMATELY 1 SECOND
• INFANT RESCUE BREATHS SHOULD BE PUFFS
OF AIR.
RESCUE BREATHING
• PERFORMED WHEN PULSE IS PRESENT, BUT IS
NOT BREATHING
• ADULTS- ONE RESCUE BREATH EVERY SECOND
• CHILD-ONE RESCUE BREATH EVERY 3 SECONDS
• INFANT-ONE RESCUE BREATH EVERY 3
SECONDS
SITUATIONS THAT REQUIRE FIRST AID
• INTERNAL BLEEDING (OBSERVE FOR
CONFUSION,BRUISES, HARD BUMPS,
VOMITING BLOOD)
• SEIZURE ( KEEP PERSON FROM HARM, NEVER
FORCE ANYTHING IN THE MOUTH)
• SPRAIN, STRAINS, FRACTURES, DISLOCATIONS
SITUATIONS THAT REQUIRE FIRST AID
• CHEST PAIN ( COULD BE HEART ATTACK, KEEP
CALM, CALL 911) (aspirin)
• STROKES (F-FACE;A-ARM;S-SPEECH; T-TIME)
• DIABETIC EMERGENCY (CHECK SUGAR,
FOLLOW APPROPRIATE PROTOCOL)
• HEAT CRAMPS (COOL PLACE, COOL WATER,
STRETCH & MASSAGE)
SITUATIONS THAT REQUIRE FIRST AID
• HEAT EXHAUSTION ( COOL PLACE, COOL
WATER)
• HEAT STROKE (CALL 911, COOL PLACE)
• FROSTBITE (NEVER, EVER RUB)
• BLEEDING WOUND (APPLY PRESSURE WITH
STERILE DRESSING)
SITUATIONS THAT REQUIRE FIRST AID
• HEAD, NECK, BACK INJURY (TRY NOT TO
MOVE)
• BURNS ( STOP BURN,COOL WATER, COVER
WITH STERILE DRESSINGS LOOSELY)
• POISONINGS (CALL POISON CONTROL AND
FOLLOW INSTRUCTIONS)
• HYPOTHERMIA (LIFE-THREATENING, CALL 911,
GET TO WARM AREA, AVOID CAFFEINE