Transcript Chapter 6 Retail Pharmacy

The Pharmacy Technician
FOUNDATIONS AND PRACTICES
Chapter 6
Retail Pharmacy
The Pharmacy Technician: Foundations and Practices
Mike Johnston, Karen Davis, and Jeff Gricar
Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Ambulatory Settings
• Commonly referred to as community•
•
based pharmacies
Privately owned, chain, or franchise
pharmacies
Known as community pharmacies
because they serve the local community in
which they are located
The Pharmacy Technician: Foundations and Practices
Mike Johnston, Karen Davis, and Jeff Gricar
Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Retail Pharmacy
• Face-to-face interactions between the
•
pharmacist, technicians, and patients
Retail pharmacy staff is usually more
accessible to the general public
The Pharmacy Technician: Foundations and Practices
Mike Johnston, Karen Davis, and Jeff Gricar
Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Figure 6.1
An independent pharmacy.
The Pharmacy Technician: Foundations and Practices
Mike Johnston, Karen Davis, and Jeff Gricar
Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Independent Pharmacies
• Most are privately owned and small in size
• Also thought of as neighborhood
•
•
pharmacy
Can provide more personalized services to
its customers
Allows pharmacy staff to become better
acquainted with their patients
The Pharmacy Technician: Foundations and Practices
Mike Johnston, Karen Davis, and Jeff Gricar
Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Independent Pharmacies (cont.)
• Some independents can provide:
–
–
–
–
–
Compounded medications
Home healthcare products
Surgical supplies
Delivery service
Patient charge accounts
The Pharmacy Technician: Foundations and Practices
Mike Johnston, Karen Davis, and Jeff Gricar
Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Figure 6.2
A retail pharmacy.
The Pharmacy Technician: Foundations and Practices
Mike Johnston, Karen Davis, and Jeff Gricar
Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Chain/franchise Pharmacies
• Consist of branches, or chains, of more
•
•
than one store
Generally have a higher volume of
prescriptions
Often larger and faster-paced
The Pharmacy Technician: Foundations and Practices
Mike Johnston, Karen Davis, and Jeff Gricar
Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Chain/franchise Pharmacies (cont.)
• Can be further categorized:
– Mass-merchandise stores (Wal-Mart)
– Chain drugstores (CVS and Rite-Aid)
– Grocery store pharmacies (Krogers and
Albertsons)
• May offer other career opportunities to
their staff, including retail management
and training opportunities
The Pharmacy Technician: Foundations and Practices
Mike Johnston, Karen Davis, and Jeff Gricar
Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Staff Positions
• Certified Pharmacy Technician—certified
to assist pharmacists in providing
pharmaceutical care; however, is not
permitted to dispense medication or
counsel
The Pharmacy Technician: Foundations and Practices
Mike Johnston, Karen Davis, and Jeff Gricar
Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Staff Positions (cont.)
• Pharmacy clerk/cashier—
•
noncertified/nonlicensed individual
authorized only to assist with
nonpharmacy-related tasks, such as
working the cash register
Pharmacy manager—almost always a
pharmacist; individual appointed to
supervise all aspects of the daily
pharmacy operations
The Pharmacy Technician: Foundations and Practices
Mike Johnston, Karen Davis, and Jeff Gricar
Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Staff Positions (cont.)
• Pharmacy manager—almost always a
•
pharmacist; individual appointed to
supervise all aspects of the daily
pharmacy operations
Doctor of Pharmacy (PharmD)—individual
who has completed a doctoral degree in
pharmacy and is licensed to practice
pharmacy in a specific state
The Pharmacy Technician: Foundations and Practices
Mike Johnston, Karen Davis, and Jeff Gricar
Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Staff Positions (cont.)
• Pharmacist in charge (PIC)—individual
designated on the State Board of
Pharmacy Record as the primary, onsite
pharmacist; responsible for ensuring that
the pharmacy operates in accordance with
state laws and regulations
The Pharmacy Technician: Foundations and Practices
Mike Johnston, Karen Davis, and Jeff Gricar
Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Staff Positions (cont.)
• Registered pharmacist (RPh)—individual
•
who has completed a bachelor’s degree in
pharmacy and is licensed to practice
pharmacy in a specific state
Store manager—an individual appointed to
supervise all aspects of the daily store
operations, including the pharmacy
department
The Pharmacy Technician: Foundations and Practices
Mike Johnston, Karen Davis, and Jeff Gricar
Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Figure 6.3
The front-end section of a pharmacy.
The Pharmacy Technician: Foundations and Practices
Mike Johnston, Karen Davis, and Jeff Gricar
Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Eight Areas of a Retail Pharmacy
• Over-the-counter/front end—provides
•
customers with various medications,
devices, and aids that can be purchased
without a prescription
Behind-the-counter OTC—medications
and devices that, although available
without a prescription, are kept behind the
pharmacy counter
The Pharmacy Technician: Foundations and Practices
Mike Johnston, Karen Davis, and Jeff Gricar
Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Eight Areas of a Retail Pharmacy
(cont.)
• Prescription drop-off—where patients can
•
turn in their prescriptions to be filled
Pharmacy workstations—the area in which
new prescriptions and refill requests are
entered into the computer system,
insurance claims are billed, and
prescription labels/monographs are
produced
The Pharmacy Technician: Foundations and Practices
Mike Johnston, Karen Davis, and Jeff Gricar
Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Eight Areas of a Retail Pharmacy
(cont.)
• Pharmacy counter—where pills are
•
counted, liquids are measured, and
compounds can be prepared
Storage—Common storage areas include:
medication storage, including shelves,
cabinets, and a refrigerator/freezer; filled
prescriptions; dispensing supplies, such as
vials, bottles, labels, and bags; and
prescription records
The Pharmacy Technician: Foundations and Practices
Mike Johnston, Karen Davis, and Jeff Gricar
Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Eight Areas of a Retail Pharmacy
(cont.)
• Pick-up area (drive-thru)—area designated
•
for prescription pick-up
Counseling area—mandatory area
designated for patient counseling
The Pharmacy Technician: Foundations and Practices
Mike Johnston, Karen Davis, and Jeff Gricar
Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
State Board of Pharmacy (SBOP)
• Agency that registers and regulates retail
pharmacy facilities, pharmacists, and
pharmacy technicians
– Pharmacy practice is governed at the state
level
– The pharmaceutical industry is governed at
the national level
The Pharmacy Technician: Foundations and Practices
Mike Johnston, Karen Davis, and Jeff Gricar
Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
State Board of Pharmacy (SBOP)
(cont.)
• Oversees compliance with the state’s
pharmacy practice act, and may do the
following:
– Administer unannounced site inspections
– Require operational changes
– Suspend or revoke the license of a
pharmacy, pharmacist, or pharmacy
technician
The Pharmacy Technician: Foundations and Practices
Mike Johnston, Karen Davis, and Jeff Gricar
Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Centers for Medicare and Medicaid
Services (CMS)
• Formerly known as the Health Care
Financing Administration (HCFA)
The Pharmacy Technician: Foundations and Practices
Mike Johnston, Karen Davis, and Jeff Gricar
Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Centers for Medicare and Medicaid
Services (CMS) (cont.)
• Federal agency that regulates the
administration of:
– Medicare
– Medicaid
– State Children’s Health Insurance Program
(SCHIP)
– Health Insurance Portability and
Accountability Act (HIPAA)
The Pharmacy Technician: Foundations and Practices
Mike Johnston, Karen Davis, and Jeff Gricar
Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Centers for Medicare and Medicaid
Services (CMS) (cont.)
• Federal agency that regulates the
administration of:
– Clinical Laboratory Improvement
Amendments (CLIA)
– Several other health-related programs
The Pharmacy Technician: Foundations and Practices
Mike Johnston, Karen Davis, and Jeff Gricar
Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Centers for Medicare and Medicaid
Services (CMS) (cont.)
• Conducts inspections to ensure
•
compliance with CMS guidelines
CMS approval is necessary to receive
reimbursement from Medicare or Medicaid
The Pharmacy Technician: Foundations and Practices
Mike Johnston, Karen Davis, and Jeff Gricar
Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Figure 6.9
An illustration of a prescription.
The Pharmacy Technician: Foundations and Practices
Mike Johnston, Karen Davis, and Jeff Gricar
Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Every prescription has 10 basic
elements (Elements 1–5)
• Prescriber information—the name,
•
address, telephone number, license
number, and DEA number of the
prescriber
Patient name and address—the name and
address of the individual for whom the
prescription was written
The Pharmacy Technician: Foundations and Practices
Mike Johnston, Karen Davis, and Jeff Gricar
Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Every prescription has 10 basic
elements (Elements 1–5) (cont.)
• Date prescribed—the month, day, and
•
year the prescription was written
Drug name and strength—the name of the
medication being prescribed and its
strength, or the amount of active
ingredient contained in manufactured
prescription products
The Pharmacy Technician: Foundations and Practices
Mike Johnston, Karen Davis, and Jeff Gricar
Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Every prescription has 10 basic
elements (Elements 1–5) (cont.)
• Dose and quantity—the specific dose, or
measured amount, of medication being
prescribed and a total quantity to be
dispensed
The Pharmacy Technician: Foundations and Practices
Mike Johnston, Karen Davis, and Jeff Gricar
Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Every prescription has 10 basic
elements (Elements 6–10)
• Route of administration—the route by
•
which the medication should be
administered to the patient, such as PO
(by mouth)
Signa/Directions—commonly referred to
as the SIG; specific directions for the
patient to follow, such as frequency of
dosages, schedule of dosages, and
additional instructions
The Pharmacy Technician: Foundations and Practices
Mike Johnston, Karen Davis, and Jeff Gricar
Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Every prescription has 10 basic
elements (Elements 6–10) (cont.)
• Number of refills—the number of refills
•
authorized by the prescriber, including
zero
Product selection permitted—the
prescriber’s authorization for the patient to
select a less expensive generic equivalent
(if available) or the prescriber’s directive to
dispense as written (no substitution
permitted)
The Pharmacy Technician: Foundations and Practices
Mike Johnston, Karen Davis, and Jeff Gricar
Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Every prescription has 10 basic
elements (Elements 6–10) (cont.)
• Prescriber’s signature—the prescription is
not considered valid unless it is signed by
the prescriber
The Pharmacy Technician: Foundations and Practices
Mike Johnston, Karen Davis, and Jeff Gricar
Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Ways Prescriptions Arrive at a Retail
Pharmacy
• Walk-in
• Phone-in
• Faxed
• Internet delivery
The Pharmacy Technician: Foundations and Practices
Mike Johnston, Karen Davis, and Jeff Gricar
Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Processing a Prescription
• Receiving and reviewing the order
• Prescription entered into the pharmacy
•
•
•
•
•
computer system
Prescription label printed
Insurance billed, if applicable
Prescription is filled
Final check
Stored for pick-up
The Pharmacy Technician: Foundations and Practices
Mike Johnston, Karen Davis, and Jeff Gricar
Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Job Duties of Technicians in Retail
Pharmacies
• Help patients locate OTC medications and
•
•
•
prices
Take care of inventory orders, rotations,
returns, and billings
Perform counting, measuring, filling, and
labeling
Do insurance billing
The Pharmacy Technician: Foundations and Practices
Mike Johnston, Karen Davis, and Jeff Gricar
Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Importance of Confidentiality
• Pharmacy technicians have access to
sensitive, personal information about:
– Patients’ health
– Prescription drug information
– Payment records
• Patients trust that this information will not
•
be distributed or abused
HIPAA regulates the use of patients’
health information
The Pharmacy Technician: Foundations and Practices
Mike Johnston, Karen Davis, and Jeff Gricar
Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.