Transcript Chapter_15
Chapter 15 Salivary Glands and Tonsils Copyright © 2014 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Salivary Glands and Tonsils After reading this chapter, the student will be able to: Discuss the classification of the major and minor salivary glands. Explain the composition and function of saliva. Describe the location and purpose of salivary gland duct systems. Discuss the classification of tonsillar tissue. Explain the function of the tonsils. Copyright © 2014 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 2 Salivary Glands and Tonsils Classification of salivary glands Classification of tonsillar tissue Major salivary glands Minor salivary glands Saliva Myoepithelial cells Palatine tonsils Lingual tonsils Pharyngeal tonsil Function of tonsils Copyright © 2014 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 3 Classifications of Salivary Glands Major or minor, depending on their size and the amount of their secretion: Major glands carry their secretion some distance to the oral cavity by means of a main duct. Minor glands empty their products directly into the mouth by means of short ducts. Copyright © 2014 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 4 Classifications of Salivary Glands Cell composition: Serous cells Mucous cells Serous demilunes Functional unit: Alveolus or acinus Copyright © 2014 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 5 Classifications of Salivary Glands Copyright © 2014 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 6 Classifications of Salivary Glands Serous cells: High in proteins Low in carbohydrates Zymogen granules • Amylase Mucous cells: High in carbohydrates Low in proteins Mucin Copyright © 2014 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 7 Classifications of Salivary Glands Copyright © 2014 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 8 Classifications of Salivary Glands Copyright © 2014 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 9 Classifications of Salivary Glands Copyright © 2014 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 10 Classifications of Salivary Glands Copyright © 2014 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 11 Major Salivary Glands Copyright © 2014 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 12 Major Salivary Glands Copyright © 2014 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 13 Major Salivary Glands Copyright © 2014 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 14 Minor Salivary Glands Copyright © 2014 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 15 Minor Salivary Glands Copyright © 2014 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 16 Saliva Composition Copyright © 2014 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 17 Saliva Functions To wash the tooth surfaces and prevent the possibility of acid etching To maintain moisture and protect against irritants and desiccation To aid in mastication and swallowing To provide antibacterial action To assist in pellicle formation To provide protection in acid-neutralizing and acid-buffering actions Copyright © 2014 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 18 Saliva Functions Calcium and phosphate increase enamel hardness and assist in enamel remineralization. Saliva is necessary for taste. Salivary proteinslysozymes, lactoperoxidase, and lactoferrinhave antimicrobial properties. Saliva has antibodies or immunoglobulin such as immunoglobulin A (IgA). Saliva contains an epidermal growth factor (EGF). Saliva contains nerve growth factor (NGF). Taste, smell, and nerve endings in the periodontal ligament and muscles of mastication play a role in saliva secretion. Copyright © 2014 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 19 Salivary Duct Systems Copyright © 2014 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 20 Salivary Duct Systems Stensen duct drains the parotid gland. Wharton duct drains the submandibular gland. Copyright © 2014 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 21 Innervation of the Salivary Glands Copyright © 2014 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 22 Myoepithelial Cells Copyright © 2014 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 23 Classification of Tonsillar Tissue Waldeyer ring Pharyngeal tonsil or adenoid Palatine tonsils Lingual tonsils Copyright © 2014 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 24 Palatine Tonsils Copyright © 2014 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 25 Palatine Tonsils Copyright © 2014 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 26 Lingual Tonsils Copyright © 2014 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 27 Pharyngeal Tonsil Copyright © 2014 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 28 Functions of Tonsils They produce lymphocytes. Some lymphocytes transform into T cells and engulf bacteria or discharge substances to destroy them. Other lymphocytes transform into B cells, which differentiate into plasma cells . Some foreign substances are absorbed from the gland crypts into the gland proper and are then destroyed. Copyright © 2014 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 29 Questions and Considerations Considering saliva function, what are some good patient education points? Discuss drugs and medications that can contribute to decrease salivary flow. Why is salivary flow important to older patients? How should the dental professional respond to the mother’s question about having her child’s tonsils removed? Copyright © 2014 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 30