Transcript Document
HS-140: Pharmacology Week 5: The Respiratory and Circulatory Systems Dr. Straub Overview of Unit 5 Reading: Chapter 26: Respiratory System Disorders Chapter 27: Circulatory System Disorders Discussion Board Seminar Assignment Make sure to read all announcements for complete details on weekly requirements! The Respiratory System Respiration: The process of exchanging oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2). Upper respiratory tract: Nose Pharynx Larynx Lower respiratory tract: Trachea Bronchial Tree Lungs Drugs for Nasal Congestion: Antihistamines Antihistamines: block the H1 receptor sites, preventing histamine action during allergic rhinitis (see p. 527-28 of textbook). Drug tolerance may occur. 1st Generation: sedating, short acting: chlorpheniramine (ChlorTrimeton) diphenhydramine (Benadryl) 2nd Generation: non-sedating and much longer duration of action: Claritin Zyrtec Allegra Drugs for Nasal Congestion: Decongestants Decongestants reduce congestion by shrinking swollen mucous membranes of the nasal passage due to the common cold (see p. 529-30 of textbook). Often combined with antihistamines. Oral and nasal preparations are both available. Asthma Medications Virtual Field Trip: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aGDi5tI5vTk Let’s discuss how asthma occurs and how asthma medications treat this condition. Turn to p. 539 in the textbook. What combination is found in Advair Diskus? Class Exercise 1: Working in a Medical Office Turn to p. 155 in the Workbook. As a class, let’s discuss scenario 1. To answer the questions, you may refer to 527-535 of your textbook. Overview of the Cardiovascular System Consists of heart, which pumps blood, and blood vessels (arteries, veins, and capillaries), through which blood flows. Heart consists of four chambers. Heart Disease There are several origins of heart disease. In most cases, the heart needs to work harder to overcompensate for problems. Example: Patient has high blood pressure due to cholesterol build-up in the arteries. Blood has difficulty passing through the arteries. Heart increases contractions to facilitate blood flow, which causes additional problems. Medications can either: Decrease heart rate and contractions or Target the cause of heart disease 9 ACE Inhibitors Found on p. 571 of textbook. Inhibit angiotensin-converting enzyme, which converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II. Angiotensin II constricts the blood vessels, which elevates blood pressure and causes the heart to work harder. Therefore, ACE inhibitors reduce vasoconstriction, blood pressure, and heart rate. 10 Beta-Blocking Agents Found on p. 569 of textbook. Increase in heart rate occurs when: Sympathetic neurons release norepinephine/adrenaline. Norepinephine/adrenaline binds to beta-adrenergic receptors on heart cells, which increases contractions. Beta-blocking agents block beta- adrenergic receptors and decrease heart rate. 11 Calcium Channel Blockers Found on p. 572 of textbook. After norepinephrine/adrenaline binds to beta-adrenergic receptors, calcium from outside of the heart cells enters the heart cells. Calcium channel blockers prevent the entry of extracellular calcium ions into the heart cells. 12 Game: Which suffix is frequently used in the generic names of calcium channel blockers? A. -olol B. -statin C. -ipine D. -pril 13 Game: What suffix is frequently used in the generic names of calcium channel blockers? C. -ipine 14 HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors Found on p. 574 of textbook. Prevent cholesterol plaques in the arteries. Example of a lipid-lowering agent: HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins). Game: which of the following is the correct spelling for a “statin”? A. Lipator B. Zitia C. Zecor D. Crestor 16 Game: which of the following is the correct spelling for a “statin”? D. Crestor 17 Class Exercise 2: Working in a Medical Office Turn to p. 163 in the Workbook. As a class, let’s discuss scenario 1. Thank you for your attention and participation in the seminar! Any questions? I look forward to the rest of Unit 5. Please contact me with any questions throughout the week.