Transcript How to use the AED

Annual Update
from the Nurses
Preparing for the Flu
How the Flu Spreads
• Germs spread mainly through coughs and
sneezes
• Infections can be passed by a sick person who is
not experiencing any symptoms
How to Protect Yourself
• If you are sick, stay home from work, school, or
outings.
• Practice cough and sneeze etiquette.
When coughing and/or sneezing:
 Stay at least 3 feet away from other people
 Cover your mouth and nose with tissue, throw tissue away
 Use your upper sleeve if you do not have a tissue (not your
hand)
 Always wash your hands right away afterward
Personal hygiene and keeping things clean are
great ways to help yourself and others stay
healthy.
• Washing hands is
very important
• Disinfect shared objects
and common areas
• Don’t share personal items
• Teach children healthy
hygiene habits
Simple Hand Washing Steps
• Wet hands with warm water
• Lather up both hands with soap
• Scrub hands together for at least 20 seconds (for
children, choose a song that last 20 seconds)
• Rinse hands thoroughly
• Dry hands completely
Note: Alcohol-based hand
sanitizers can substitute for soap and water.
Get a Yearly Flu Shot!
• Helps protect against the flu for that season
• Get the shot early in the season – in October or
November
• Recommended for people at high risk
 Adults 50 and older
 Children 6 – 23 months old
 People with long-term conditions (diabetes)
 Women who will be pregnant during flu season
 People with weakened immune systems (HIV)
 People living in nursing homes or long-term care facilities
• Side effects of a shot are usually mild
• A nasal spray vaccine may be available
Treatment for Seasonal Flu May Include:
• Staying home to avoid spreading it to others
• Taking antiviral medication & follow doctor’s
orders
• Drinking lots of fluids
• Getting plenty of rest
• Taking fever reducer
Home Care for Others with the FLU
•
•
•
•
•
•
Keep the person away from others
Follow health-care provider instructions
Give medications if prescribed and available
Throw away used tissues immediately
Wash or sanitize your hands often
Avoid holding soiled laundry too closely
Stay Informed
with Up-to-date Information
• Keep track of what is going on in your area and
around the nation
• Media will work with authorities on current flurelated events
• Most reliable sources of information are public
health authorities and the government Web sites:
www.adph.org and www.pandemicflu.gov
• Local hotlines may be set up
MRSA
Staphylococcus aureus
• “Staph”
• 30-50% of the population carries this bacteria
on their bodies
• “Staph” is generally harmless until it enters the
body through a cut/wound
• Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
• Mutation & “Staph” bacteria that are resistant to
antibiotics
MRSA looks like…
• Pimple/Boil/Ingrown Hair/Spider Bite
– Red, swollen, painful, and/or drainage
– Abscesses can form
– warmth around the infected site
Area beginning to become infected
(notice the drainage)
Small Infection
Infected boil on arm,
Notice the swelling around the boil
How serious is MRSA?
• The problem comes when antibiotics are not
effective against MRSA & the person can get
sick very quickly due to the rapid multiplication
of the bacteria
At Risk Groups
• Children
– Susceptible because immune systems is not fully
developed
• Athletes
– High contact sports inevitably bring about scrapes,
cuts, & bruises
– The common scrape/cut must receive prompt
wound care to avoid potential infection
At Risk Groups
Athletes are at a higher risk also due to
– Athletic facilities are warm & humid (ideal place for
bacteria to thrive) thus infections have a higher
potential of leading to team outbreaks
– Athletes’ immune system temporarily lowers after a
hard workout
When to see the doctor
• Prompt medical attention is needed for
– Any skin wound that leads to a fever or develops a
blister, boil, redness, or swelling
– Unexplained fever, muscular pain, and/or fatigue
Treatment of MRSA
• Physician prescribes antibiotics
– Take medication exactly as prescribed
– Do not share antibiotics with others
– Do not save unfinished antibiotics to use at another time
• Physician may drain/open the skin boil or abscess
– Only the physician should perform this procedure, otherwise
it may lead to secondary infections
If other people you know or live with get the same infection,
tell them to go to the physician
Treatment of MRSA
• If severe infection may require hospitalization
and strong antibiotics
– These antibiotics typically have severe side effects
and must be given directly into the vein
Prevention of MRSA
• Hand washing with antibacterial soap & water
for at least 20 seconds
• Using an alcohol-based hand sanitizer frequently
• Remind children to bathe/shower at least once
day
– Especially after workouts/contact with other
children
More Prevention
• Remind children to avoid sharing:
– Towels, sports equipment, combs, razors, soap,
brushes, combs, hair accessories, caps, clothing,
lipstick, balms, moisturizers, sleeping bags, and other
items that touch the skin
• Wash any open wound with soap & water
• Keep all wounds covered with a bandage that
attaches to the skin on all sides
Guidelines for Teachers
• All cleaners, deodorizers, washing powders, etc.
that have not been approved and provided by
the Pike County Board of Education must be
removed from the classroom
All-in-One Cleaner
•
•
•
•
Spray Bottle
One in each classroom
EPA approved
Kills:
– MRSA, Staph, Strep, Hepatitis, Flu, TB, etc.
Guidelines Continued
• Clean desks, tables, chairs, counter tops, door
knobs, faucet knobs, etc. with All-in-One
Cleaner on a daily basis
• Spray area, let solution soak for 10 minutes, and
then wipe with a disposable paper towel
• Gloves are not necessary for cleaning.
Guidelines Continued
• If child is suspected of having infection, please
refer child to nurse
• If child has been released by his/her physician
to attend school and child’s wound is covered by
bandage (on all sides) then child is allowed to
stay at school
Information Obtained From:
•
•
•
•
•
www.cdc.org
www.adph.org/epi
www.mrsaawareness.com
www.righthealth.com
www.mayoclinic.com
Asthma
Signs/Symptoms of Attack:
•
•
•
•
•
•
Shortness of breath/wheezing
Persistent cough
Anxious look
Nasal flaring
Chest tightness/pain
Difficulty carrying on a conversation due to difficulty
breathing
• Shallow, rapid breathing
• Blueness of fingernails and lips
What to Do??
• Administer inhaler/nebulizer machine as prescribed
• -If administering 2 puffs, wait one minute between each
puff
• Sit student in upright position in cool area
• Reassure student & attempt to keep him/her calm and
breathe slowly and deeply
• Student should respond to treatment in 15 minutes
If that doesn’t work…
• *If no change or breathing becomes
significantly worse, contact parent and call 911
immediately*
Seizure
Signs/Symptoms:
• An aura (a feeling that usually happens before a
seizure, example: funny smell, nausea, and
abdominal symptoms)
• Blank staring
• Chewing, fumbling, shaking, or confused speech
• Active seizures
What to do?
• Call 911.
• Clear the surrounding area.
• Assist the student to the floor and place in a side-lying
position.
• Protect the head. Do not place anything in the mouth.
• Call Parent.
• Start timing the seizure. Do not leave the child alone.
Epi-Pens
Epi-Pens
• This medical condition could become life threatening
and/or need immediate attention during the school day.
• Anaphylaxis is a rare life-threatening allergy to certain
substances such as foods, bee stings, chemicals, and/or
medications.
• It occurs rapidly and can close off the breathing
passages.
• If instant treatment does not occur, it can be fatal.
Signs and symptoms of this
condition (rapid onset):
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Hives spreading over the body (itching)
Dizziness/weakness
Feelings of apprehension
Wheezing, difficulty swallowing, or breathing
Swelling of face/neck, tingling or swelling of tongue
Signs of shock (extreme paleness/grey color, clammy
skin)
Loss of consciousness
What to do in the event these signs
and symptoms occur:
•
•
•
•
•
•
Administer Epi-Pen immediately
Pull off grey cap
Place black tip against upper outer thigh (at right
angle to leg)
Press hard into outer thigh, until it clicks (may be
administered through clothing)
Hold in place 10 seconds, and then remove
Discard Epi-Pen in impermeable can. Do not return
to holder.
Continued…
• Call 911 and notify operator that Epi-Pen has
been used
• Notify parents
• Stay with student. Position child in the most
comfortable position for breathing
• Be prepared to initiate CPR if breathing stops.
Diabetes
Hypoglycemia (Low Blood Sugar)
• Causes: too little food, too much
insulin/diabetes medicine, or extra activity
• Signs/Symptoms: shaking fast heartbeat,
sweating, dizziness, anxious, hunger, impaired
vision, weakness/fatigue, headache, irritable
• Treatment: eat/drink juice per doctor’s orders
• Can become an emergency if not treated
promptly (seizures, coma, or death)
Hyperglycemia (High Blood Sugar)
• Causes: too much food, too little
insulin/diabetes medicine, illness, or stress
• Signs/Symptoms: extreme thirst, frequent
urination, dry skin, hunger, blurred vision,
drowsiness, decreased healing
• Treatment: drink water/exercise per doctor’s
orders
• Can lead to diabetic coma
Important things to remember
regarding Diabetes
• Child should always be allowed to check blood
sugars when necessary
• Child may have 504 plan
• Student should always have a partner while not
in classroom
• Frequent bathroom breaks and snacks will be
determined per doctor’s order/504 plan
AED
AED
• Call 911
• When to use an AED:
• Unresponsive when shaken, and not breathing
normally
• If in doubt, apply the pads
• If your victim is in water or on a metal surface
then move the victim to a safe place
Choosing Correct AED Pads
• Adult pads are for adults and children 8 years
old or 55 pounds or more
• Infant and children under 8 years old or up to 55
pounds
How to use the AED:
•
•
•
•
PULL up the green handle on the SMART Pads
PLACE the pads on the patient’s bare skin- as on
picture on smart pads
Follow exact instructions given by the AED voice
command
Start CPR if instructed- you can use the information
button (blue button “ i”) it will give you detailed
instructions on performing CPR