Transcript Drug Education

I can define drug abuse and distinguish it
from both appropriate use and misuse.
 I can describe how different drugs affect
the brain and body.
 I can summarize the risks of drug abuse.
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 Medicines:
 Drugs:
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NO Medical Use
Potentially Addictive
Physically Harmful
Usually Abused
Against the Law
Overdose Potential
NO Margin of Safety
NO Controlled Dosage
Unknown Ingredients
Unknown Side Effects
 FDA Approved
 AMA Recommended
 Pharmaceutically
Manufactured
 If used properly; there is
minimal risk for addiction
and health problems
 Medically are Used for:
• Treatment
• Cure
• Prevention
of Diseases and
Health Conditions
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Botanical or Natural:
*Made from a Plant
Source
 Opium and Heroin
 Cocaine
 Cannabis
 Hashish
 Jimson
 Mescaline
 Psilocybin
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Chemical or Synthetic:
*Man Made from
Chemicals
 Amphetamines
 Barbiturates
 Methamphetamine
 Ecstasy
 Most Prescription and
Over the Counter
Medications
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Use:
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Misuse:
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Abuse:
taken as directed, in the
proper dosage, and for medicinal
reasons
taken in improper
dosage, and for reasons other than
they were intended to be used for,
continued misuse can cause
dependency and addiction
taken in large dosages
that are potentially fatal, and
addiction develops
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Allergic Reaction: hypersensitivity to the dosage
causing fever, rashes, nausea, diarrhea, etc..
Toxic Reaction: poisonous effect to the dosage
causing convulsions, seizures, stroke, cardiac arrest,
etc..
Paradoxical Reaction: contradictory effect causing
the opposite of what was anticipated
Synergistic Reaction: combined effect of two or
more chemical substances causing intensified
effects on the brain and the central nervous system
Antagonistic Reaction: effect of one substance
canceling or reducing the effect of another
substance
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Effective Dosage:
 the amount of a drug or medicine
that it takes to produce an effect
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Lethal Dosage:
 the amount of a drug or medicine
that it takes to cause a fatal
overdose
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Therapeutic Index:
 The effective dose divided into the lethal dose
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Margin of Safety:
 The range between the effective dose and the lethal dose
of the drug or medicine
Physicians know how to determine proper dosage
Drug Dealers have NO IDEA WHAT DOSAGE IS!
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The compulsive physical and
psychological need for a chemical
substance (alcohol, drugs, medicine) or
a behavior (gambling, sex, eating
disorder, etc.)
I have no choice
I have a choice on what to do
I can’t do with out it
I can have only one drink
I need it to feel normal
I don’t have to be high to have
fun
I can’t start my day without it
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Experimentation:
*
Social-Situational:
*
Consequential Misuse:
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Daily Dependency:
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Total Addiction:
 Trying drugs out for the first time
 Partying, Peer Pressure, Stress, Trying Fit In
 Fights, Arrests, Family, School, Work Problems
 Have to use every day to feel normal
 Needs to use drugs daily to avoid withdrawal
Physically and Psychologically Dependent
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Enablers: people that cover up and
protect the addict from facing the
various consequences of their
addiction
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Tolerance: substance abuser needs more
and more to produce the high
Withdrawal: symptoms produced when
coming down from a high
Addiction: complete dependency on a
drug; need to use to feel normal
Physiological Dependency: body has a
physical need for the drug
Psychological Dependency: mind has a
mental need for the drug
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Schedule I: ALL ILLEGAL DRUGS, HAVE NO MEDICAL
USE, ADDICTIVE SUBSTANCES
• Examples: Marijuana, LSD, Heroin, Quaaludes
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Schedule II: Written Prescription Required with NO
REFILLS. Abuse can cause Addiction.
• Examples: Cocaine, Morphine, PCP, Methamphetamine
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Schedule III: Written Prescription Required with
Refills up to 5 times within 6 months. Moderate
chance of Addiction.
• Examples: Anabolic Steroids, Codeine, Hydrocodone
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Schedule IV: Written Prescription Required with Refills
up to 5 times within 6 months. Low chance of
Addiction
• Examples: Darvon, Talwin, Equanil, Valium
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Schedule V: Mostly Over the Counter Medications
• Examples: Cough, Cold, and Flu Medications
Stimulants
Depressants/
Tranquilizers
Hallucinogens
NarcoticAnalgesics
Cannabinoids
Raises blood
pressure,
increases heart
rate and
breathing.
Long-term abuse
can cause brain
seizures, heart
attack, stroke,
and convulsions.
*Nicotine
*Cocaine
*Amphetamine
*Methamphetamine
Lowers blood
pressure, and
decreases heart
rate, slows down
reaction time and
co-ordination.
*GHB
*Alcohol
*Barbiturates
*Methaqualone
*Rohyponol
*Benzodiazepines
*Valium
Alters and impairs
brain function,
causing audio
and visual
hallucinations.
Long-term abuse
can result in flash
backs, paranoid
and psychotic
behavior
*LSD
*PCP
*STP
*MDMA
Anesthetic effect
on the brain, and
relieves pain.
Long-term abuse
can cause heart
attack, stroke,
convulsions, and
coma.
*Heroin
*Codeine
*Morphine
*Hydrocodone
*Hydromorphone
*Opium
Sedative effect on
the brain causing
memory loss,
mental confusion,
and inability to
concentrate.
Long-term abuse
can result in lung
infections or lung
cancer
*THC
(Tetrahydrocannabinol)
*Marijuana
*Hashish
*Hash Oil
By
Mouth
Inhalation
Injection
Absorption
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Amphetamines
Cocaine
Methamphetamine
Caffeine
Nicotine
Methylphenidate
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Overdose
Effects:
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Seizures
Convulsions
Blood Clots
Heart Attack
Stroke
SPEED UP THE ACTIVITIES OF THE CNS
Increased sense of alertness
Hyperactivity
Anxiety
Euphoria
Increase in pulse/blood pressure
Decrease in appetite
Aggressiveness/paranoia
CRASH - fatigue, weak, sleepy, sad, depressed
DEATH FROM OVERDOSE IS QUICK
ESPN Outside the Lines
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Alcohol
Barbiturates
GHB
Benzodiazepines
Rohypnol
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Overdose Effects:
› Kidney Failure
› Liver Dysfunction
› Heart Failure
› Memory Loss
› Depression
› Lowered Blood
Pressure
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Methaqualone
Valium
Ketamine
*
Overdose Effects:
› Kidney Failure
› Liver Dysfunction
› Heart Failure
› Memory Loss
› Depression
› Lowered Blood
Pressure
DEPRESS ACTIVITIES OF THE CNS
SEDATIVE
Has a calming effect
HYPNOTIC
Produces drowsiness & sleep
Prescribed for anxiety, tension
User may become lazy, constantly tired, depressed
HIGHLY ADDICTIVE
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LSD
PCP
DMT
Mescaline
Psilocybin
Overdose Effects:
› Mental Confusion
› Chromosome
Damage
› Brain Dysfunction
› Chemical
Imbalance in the
Brain
› “Flashbacks”
INTERFERE WITH SENSES & CAUSE
HALLUCINATIONS
•Effects may last for several hours/days
•Can cause vomiting, loss of muscle control,
cramps
•Effects heart rate, body temp, & blood pressure
•Impairs short term memory
MAY CAUSE FLASHBACKS
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Heroin
Opium
Morphine
Codeine
Fentanyl
Oxycodone
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Hydromorphone
Hydrocodone
Overdose Effects:
› Respiratory Depression
› Cardiac Arrest
› Drug Induced Coma
SLOW DOWN THE CNS
Slow breathing/heart rate
ANALGESIC
Relieves pain
NODDING OUT
Falling in & out of sleep
Users may become DEPRESSED &
LAZY
What is the active
ingredient in marijuana ?
Tetrahydrocannabinol
Causes a relaxed, euphoric, drowsy feeling
Increased appetite
Effects depend on amount of THC
Damages lungs, respiratory system, reproductive
system
Short-term memory loss, impairs concentration
AMOTIVATIONAL SYNDROME
GATEWAY DRUG
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Marijuana
Hashish
Hash Oil
THC
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Overdose Effects:
› Impaired Memory
› Respiratory Infections
› Panic Attacks
› Paranoia
› Chemical Imbalance
in the Brain
› Cardiac Dysfunction
XTC
 MDA
 MDMA
 ICE
 CAT
 GHB
 Crank
 Crack
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Overdose Effects:
› Paranoia
› Impaired Memory
› Psychotic Behavior
› Cardiac Toxicity
› Liver Failure
› Neurological
Damage
Depressants
Dissociative effects
Disorientation
Amnesia
Loss of control
Loss of inhibitions
Drug Induced Rape Prevention & Punishment Act 1996
Federal felony for giving a controlled substance with the intention of
committing sexual assault or another harmful crime
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Man-Made
Deep sedation,
blackouts, amnesia
Respiratory distress
10x the strength of
valium
Odorless
Tasteless
No Safe Quantity
Hallucinogenic Stimulant
Feelings of well-being, increased
sexual senses, teeth grinding,
hyperthermia, kills nerve
terminals
Never leave your drink unattended
Watch your friends’ drink if they are not
alert
Use the “buddy” system at parties
Watch the bartender as he/she makes
your drink
Never accept a drink from someone you
do not know
Avoid open drinks, such as punch
If in doubt, throw it out!
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Volatile chemical
substances with
breathable fumes that are
sniffed and inhaled to
provide a mind-altering
high
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Spray Paint
Glues
Lighter Fluid
Amyl Nitrite
Butyl Nitrite
Nitrous Oxide
Solvents
Aerosols
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Overdose:
› Liver Failure
› Kidney
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Dysfunction
Change in
Bone Marrow
Structure
Permanent
Brain Damage
Blood &
Oxygen
Displacement
Neurological
Damage
AFFECTS MOOD & BEHAVIOR
EASY accessible
Give a QUICK high
Last only for a few minutes
Irreversible brain damage
Sudden death from suffocation
BAGGING
HUFFING
SPRAYING
Increase risk of becoming infected with HIV
& hepatitis B
Increase the risk of accidents, violence, & crime
Cause problems with the law
Cause dependency
Causes relationship problems
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Intervention: family and friends confronting
the addict about their drug or alcohol
problem
Detoxification: medication is given to ease
the symptoms of withdrawal
Relapse: returning to doing drugs or alcohol
after quitting and going through treatment
Treatment: different types of recovery
programs
Recovery: learning to live life again in a drug
and alcohol free lifestyle
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Detox. Units: medically supervised
hospitalization to ease the withdrawal from the
addiction to the drug or alcohol
* Inpatient Units: medical and psychological
care while the patient is placed in a
rehabilitation facility
* Outpatient Units: recovering addict continues
to go to work or school, but also gets
treatment from the rehabilitation facility
* Halfway Houses: after 30 days of treatment,
recovering addicts will stay for 6 months to 1
year for additional counseling and treatment