Transcript What is a Tyranny? Democracy

Ancient Greece
How did the physical
geography of Greece
influence its
development?
Mountainous terrain made communication difficult – city states formed- the Polis
Lack of arable (farmable) land and/or overpopulation
led to colonization
It was surrounded by water so the city states developed
strong sea trade
Infertile soil led to step farming and growing crops such as grapes and olives
Which would become important staples of a Mediterranean diet
Beautiful mild dry Mediterranean weather led to the development of outdoor
Amphitheaters, and meeting places such as the agora where people could talk
market their
Goods and talk about politics.
Bodies of Water
1. Aegean Sea
2. Mediterranean
Sea
3. Ionian Sea
Cities:
1. Athens
2. Sparta
3. Knossos
4. Troy (pg 112)
Land
1. Macedonia
2. Anatolia
3. Peloponnesus
4. Crete
5. Rhodes
Mountain
1. Mount Olympus
Religion of the Greeks: Greek Mythology
Monotheistic or Polytheistic?
Polytheistic
It helped explain natural phenomena, life events and
human emotions
Where do we see symbols of Greek mythology today?
On monuments, government buildings, literature art
and architecture
Can you name the primary gods & goddesses?
Zeus = father of the gods, Hera, Apollo,
Artemis, Athena (patron goddess of Athens)
and Aphrodite
How did the Greeks communicate with the Gods?
The Oracle
At Delphi
The Parthenon was built to honor Athena
What was important about the government of Athens?
It was a democracy – How did democracy develop in Athens?
1)
2)
3)
4)
Monarchy – what is a monarchy? Monarchy=single ruler (king)
Aristocracy – What is an Aristocracy?Aristocracy =ruling class of wealthy
landowners or nobles
Tyranny – What is a Tyranny?
Tyranny=ruler who takes control by
Democracy – What is a Democracy? Force
Democracy=Government of the
people
Important Tyrants: Draco – wrote first laws of Greece – very harsh (Draconian)
Solon later revised the laws and outlawed debt slavery
Although democracy seemed to be fair for Athenian citizens,
who was excluded from participating in government?
Women, slaves, foreigners, men whose parents were not Athenian
Only free adult males of Athenian descent could be citizens
What was expected of Citizens?
Citizens were expected to participate in civic debate and
participate in the Assembly – which voted on all laws.
Athenian Democracy was a Direct
Democracy meaning what?
All Citizens voted on all laws
Who was the father of Democracy?
Pericles
He would extend democracy to most males
How did the Persian Wars begin and why was this war important?
It began in Ionia which had been
conquered by Persia. Persia raised taxes
on the Ionians who then asked Athens for
help.
Athens helped the Ionians revolt. The revolt was put down
by Persia and then…
Persian sought revenge on Athens.
Athens and Sparta combined their forces to defeat Persia despite
being
outnumbered – Preserved democracy, Greek independence, culture
Marathon – Darius troops defeated - Pheidippides ran 26 miles to tell Athenians of
victory
Persia’s Xerxes sought revenge for his father, DariusThermopylae – famous 300 Spartans held the pass and fought to the death
Salamis – Sea battle – Athens defeated Persia
Athens v. Sparta- both city states try to dominate
Greece after the Persian Wars
Athens
Sparta
• Democracy, civic duties, public
debate
• Trade Economy, coin system
• Naval superiority
• Culture of Arts
• Women have no rights
• Slaves
Formed the Delian league after the
Persian war
• Government?
Oligarchy which is….
rule by a few wealthy old men
• Agricultural economy, discouraged
trade
• Women given military training –
greater rights
• Helots – conquered its neighbors
when necessary
Formed the Peloponnesian league
after Athens used its money to
rebuild Athens instead of
expanding the navy.
The Peloponnesian War was about dominance
of the the Greek World
What was the outcome? Why was this war important?
Sparta won – it weakened
both city states which would
later allow for Phillip II of
Macedonia to conquer most
of Greece
After Phillip II died, his son took
over, who was he?
Alexander the Great
Why was he great?
He conquered Persia, Egypt, Mesopotamia, Asia Minor and parts of India
In doing so, he extended Greek culture and spread Hellenistic (Greek, Egyptian, Indian)
Influences throughout the region and established the city of Alexandria – lighthouse & library
He died in 323 BCE and did not name a successor, his empire was
carved into four territories and then it fell apart.
Contributions of Greek Culture to Western Civilization
Drama – Aeschylus, Sophocles Aristophanes (comedy)
Literature/Poetry – Homer – Iliad and the Odyssey
History: Herodotus, Thucydides
Science: Archimedes, Hippocrates (Medicine)
Mathematics: Euclid, Pythagoras,
Socrates:
Plato
Arisotle
Philosophers - SPA
Socratic Method – your ideas modified by others
Perfectly governed society – The Republic
Rational/logical thought – scientific method
Which one is which?
Doric
Ionic
Corinthian
Questions:
1. In which war did Sparta and Athens work together to defeat a common enemy?
a. Peloponnesian War
b. Punic Wars
c. Persian War
d. Hundred Years’ War
2. Which Greek god was the king of the gods?
a. Apollo
b. Poseidon
c. Hades
d. Zeus
3. Which choice gives the forms of government for the city state of Athens in the correct order?
a. Tyranny, Monarchy, Aristocracy, Democracy
b. Democracy, Monarchy, Aristocracy, Tyranny
c. Monarchy, Aristocracy, Tyranny, Democracy
d. Tyranny, Democracy, Aristocracy, Monarchy
4. Ancient Athens was the first
city-state to develop this type of
government?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Democracy
Tyranny
Monarchy
Oligarchy
5. Who was the ruler during the
golden age of Athens?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Solon
Draco
Pericles
Socrates
6. This Greek philosopher said that people
would only understand themselves if they
questioned what they believed:
a.
b.
c.
d.
Socrates
Aristotle
Plato
Sophocles
7. This Greek is credited with creating the Iliad
and the Odyssey
a. Aristophanes
b. Plato
c. Socrates
d. Homer
8. Which Greek city-tate founded the
Peloponnesian league to counter the Delian
league, eventually leading to the
Peloponnesian War?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Athens
Troy
Sparta
Corinth
9. Who was the father of Alexander the Great?
He first conquered Greece before he was
assassinated.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Aristotle
Philip II of Macedon
Cyrus
Darius
10. Hellenistic culture was:
a. the blending of Russian and Byzantine
culture
b. the blending of Christian and Jewish
culture
c. the blending of Greek, Indian, Egyptian
cultures as Alexander the Great expanded
his empire eastward.
11. Which ancient Greek figure is most closely
associated with Science?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Plato
Socrates
Homer
Archimedes
12. The Greek word Polis refers to
a. written law
b. city states
c. aristocracy
d. standing army
13. After the Persian War, the Greeks formed
a defensive alliance called the:
a. The Delian League
b. Legions
c. Centuriate Assembly
d. Triumvirate
14.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Doric
Ionian
Corinthian
What is the best title for the above list?
Types of Incan roads
Types of Roman Arches
Types of Greek Columns
Types of Egyptian pyramids
15. Socrates, Aristotle were ancient greek:
a. gods
b. rulers
c. sculptors
d. Philosophers
16. The Greeks established colonies along the
Black Sea because:
a.
b.
c.
d.
not enough farmable land in Greece
Overpopulation
The oppressive government
Both A and B
17. Life in Sparta was different from life in
Athens because Sparta had
a.
b.
c.
d.
a militaristic society
an artistic society
a democratic society
an individualistic society