Transcript Psychotherapy - Grand Haven Area Public Schools

Psychotherapy
• The treatment of emotional, behavioral, and
interpersonal problems through the use of
psychological techniques designed to
encourage understanding of problems and
modify troubling feelings, behaviors, or
relationships
Biomedical therapies
• The use of medications, electroconvulsive
therapy, or other medical treatments to treat
the symptoms associated with psychological
disorders
Psychoanalysis
• A type of psychotherapy originated by
Sigmund Freud in which free association,
dream interpretation, and analysis of
resistance and transference are used to
explore repressed or unconscious impulses,
anxieties, and internal conflicts
Free association
• A technique used in psychoanalysis in
which the patient spontaneously reports all
thought, feelings and mental images as they
come to mind, as a way of revealing
unconscious thoughts and emotions
Resistance
• In psychoanalysis, the patient’s unconscious
attempts to block the revelation of repressed
memories and conflicts
Dream interpretation
• A technique used in psychoanalysis in
which the content of dreams is analyzed for
disguised or symbolic wishes, meanings,
and motivations
Interpretation
• A technique used in psychoanalysis in
which the psychoanalyst offers a carefully
timed explanation of the patient’s dreams,
free associations, or behaviors to facilitate
the recognition of unconscious conflicts or
motivations
Transference
• In psychoanalysis, the process by which
emotions and desires originally associated
with a significant person in the patient’s
life, such as a parents, are unconsciously
transferred to the psychoanalyst
Short-term dynamic therapies
• Type of psychotherapy that is based on
psychoanalytic theory but differs in the it is
typically time-limited, has specific goals,
and involves an active, rather than neutral,
role for the therapist.
Interpersonal therapy (IPT)
• A brief psychodynamic psychotherapy that
focuses on current relationships and is
based on the assumption that symptoms are
caused and maintained by interpersonal
problems
Client-centered therapy
• A type of psychotherapy developed by
humanistic psychologist Carl Rogers in
which the therapist is nondirective and
reflective, and the client directs the focus of
each therapy session; also called personcentered therapy
Behavior therapy
• A type of psychotherapy that focuses on
directly changing maladaptive behavior
patterns by using basic learning principles
and techniques; also called behavior
modification
Counterconditioning
• A behavior therapy technique based on
classical conditioning that involves
modifying behavior by conditioning a new
response that is incompatible with a
previously learned response
Systematic desensitization
• A type of behavior therapy in which phobic
responses are reduced by paring relaxation
with a series of mental images or real-life
situations that the person finds
progressively more fear-provoking; based
on the principle of counterconditioning
Bell and pad treatment
• A behavior therapy technique used to treat
nighttime bed wetting by conditioning
arousal from sleep in response to bodily
signals of a full bladder
Aversive conditioning
• A relatively ineffective type of behavior
therapy that involves repeatedly pairing an
aversive stimulus with the occurrence of
undesirable behaviors or thoughts
Token economy
• A form of behavior therapy in which the
therapeutic environment is structured to
reward desired behaviors with tokens or
points that may eventually be exchanged for
tangible rewards
Cognitive therapies
• A group of psychotherapies based on the
assumption that psychological problems are
due to maladaptive patterns of thinking;
treatment techniques focus on recognizing
and altering these unhealthy thinking
patterns
Rational-emotive therapy (RET)
• A type of cognitive therapy, developed by
psychologist Albert Ellis, that focuses on
changing the client’s irrational beliefs
Cognitive therapy (CT)
• A type if cognitive therapy, developed by
psychiatrist Aaron T. Beck, that focuses on
changing the client’s unrealistic beliefs
Cognitive-behavioral therapy
• Therapy that integrates cognitive and
behavioral techniques and that is based on
the assumption that thoughts, moods and
behaviors are interrelated
Group therapy
• A form of psychotherapy that involves one
or more therapists working simultaneously
with a small group of clients
Family therapy
• A form of psychotherapy that is based on
the assumption that the family is a system
and that treats the family as a unit
Eclecticism
• The pragmatic and integrated use of
techniques from different psychotherapies
Antipsychotic medications
Prescription drugs that are used to reduce
psychotic symptoms; frequently used in the
treatment of schizophrenia; also called
neuroleptics
Atypical antipsychotic
medications
Newer antipsychotic medications that, in
contrast to the early antipsychotic drugs,
block dopamine receptors in brain regions
associated with psychotic symptoms rather
than more globally throughout the brain,
resulting in fewer side effects
Antianxiety medications
Prescription drugs that are used to alleviate
the symptoms of anxiety
Lithium
A naturally occurring substance that is used in
the treatment of bipolar disorder
Antidepressant medications
Prescription drugs that are used to reduce the
symptoms associated with depression
Selective serotonin reuptake
inhibitors (SSRIs)
Class of antidepressant medications that
increase the availability of serotonin in the
brain and cause fewer side effects than
earlier antidepressants; they include Prozac,
Paxil, and Zoloft
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
A biomedical therapy used primarily in the
treatment of depression that involves
electrically inducing a brief brain seizure;
also called electroshock therapy or shock
therapy
Aaron T. Beck (b. 1921)
American psychiatrist who founded cognitive
therapy (CT), a psychotherapy based on the
assumption that depression and other
psychological problems are caused by
biased perceptions, distorted thinking, and
inaccurate beliefs
Albert Ellis (b.1913)
American psychologist who founded the
cognitive psychotherapy called rationalemotive therapy (RET), which emphasizes
recognizing and changing irrational beliefs
Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)
Austrian physician and founder of
psychoanalysis who theorized that
psychological symptoms are the result of
unconscious and unresolved conflicts
stemming from early childhood
Mary Cover Jones (1896-1987)
American psychologist who conducted the
first clinical demonstrations of behavior
therapy
Carl Rogers (1902-1987)
American psychologist who helped found
humanistic psychology and developed
client-centered therapy