Transcript STDs caused by Bacteria - McCulloch Intermediate School

Chlamydia, Gonorrhea
Syphilis
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Most common Bacterial STD
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2 million people currently infected
3 million more will acquire it this year
Transmitted
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Through sexual activity
During childbirth
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85% of women and 40% of men have no
symptoms
Vaginal or urethral discharge
Burning with urination
Pelvic Pain (women)
Swelling and tenderness of the scrotum (men)
Genital ulcers
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Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
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Can damage the fallopian tubes and result in tubal
scarring and infertility
 Causes 25% of the infertility in women pursuing in vitro
fertilization in the US
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Symptoms
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Pelvic and abdominal pain
Fever
Abnormal vaginal bleeding
Ectopic (tubal) pregnancy
Infants
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Illness
Blindness
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Diagnosis – lab test (genital fluids or urine)
Treated easily IF caught early
Treatment
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Oral antibiotics
Newborn infants routinely receive antibiotic eye
drops/ointment to prevent eye infection
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Discharge from vagina or urethra
Pain during urination
Abnormal vaginal bleeding (“spotting”) –
women
Pain and swelling around the testicles – men
25-80% of women and a smaller percentage of
men have no symptoms
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Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
Pregnant women
Spontaneous abortion
 Premature rupture of membranes
 Preterm birth
 May infect amniotic fluid
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 Blindness
 Joint infection
 Life-threatening blood infections
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Diagnosis – Body fluids will be examined and
tested
Treatment
Oral or injectable antibiotics
 After treatment, infected individuals should be reexamined and tested again
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Number of cases is again on the rise
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Called “The Great Imitator”
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Between 1940’s and 2000 – number of cases fell from
approximately 100,000 to less than 6,000
Today, beginning to rise again (36,000)
Many of the signs/symptoms resemble other
diseases
Transmitted
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Sexual activity
Contact with syphilitic sores
Passed to infants during childbirth
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Primary Stage (10-90 days after infection)
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Single sore (chancre)
 Firm, round and painless
 Occurs at spot where Syphilis entered body
 Heals in 3-6 weeks if left untreated
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Secondary Stage (2-8 weeks after infection)
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Itch-less rash
Flu-like symptoms
 Fever, swollen lymph glands, sore throat, patchy hair
loss, headaches, weight loss, muscle aches and fatigue
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Latent stage (2 or more years after)
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Signs disappear and think cured
Attacks heart, blood vessels, and CNS
Late stage (10 to 30 years after)
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Heart, skin, brain, spinal cord affected
Cannot be cured at this stage
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Diagnosis – blood test
Treatment
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Can be cured if caught early
Antibiotic
 Will not repair or reverse the damage already caused
by the disease
 A single intramuscular injection of penicillin, an
antibiotic, will cure a person who has had syphilis for
less than a year.
HPV, Genital herpes, Hepatitis, HIV
CANNOT BE CURED!!!
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More than 100 strains of HPV
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6.2 million Americans are infected with genital HPV
each year
50% of sexually active Americans are or have been
infected
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40 cause genital infections
20 million currently have the virus
Another 80 million have been infected some time in the past
In 90% of cases, the body’s immune system clears the
HPV infection naturally within two years
By the age of 50, 80% of women will have acquired
genital HPV
Transmission
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Genital Skin-to-skin contact
Contact with infected body fluids
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Most patients have no symptoms
Genital and Anal Warts
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7% of infected people
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Cervical Cancer – Women
Genital Cancers – Men
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Diagnosis
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abnormalities detected on a Pap Smear – women
Most asymptomatic men do not know they are
infected
Treatment
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Topical medications applied to the wart
 Decrease in size and disappear
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Surgical removal (burning with a laser)
Freezing
Even with treatment, warts will often return
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Most common sexually transmitted viral
infection in US
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2 types of herpes
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45 million people infected
1 in 5 American age 12 or over have genital herpes
HSV-1 and HSV-2
Most cases of genital herpes are HSV-2
Greatest risk factor is the total number sexual
partners a person has had in their life
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Skin to skin contact
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Kissing with a sore
Touching a sore
Sexual activity
Exposure to infected body fluids
During childbirth
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Initial infection
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Fever, headache and muscle aches
Lesions appear in area of exposure
 Blisters which break and become ulcers
 About 8 days after exposure
 Painful and often burn or itch
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Other symptoms
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Burning with urination, vaginal or urethral
discharge, tender swollen lymph nodes
Recurrent outbreaks
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Skin lesions
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NO CURE!!!
Can transmit to others even at time when not
experiencing symptoms
90% will experience at least one recurrence
within 12 months of initial episode
Recurrences can occur for the remainder of the
person’s life
Risk of spontaneous abortion and premature
birth
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Diagnosis – Viral cultures
As many as 90% do not know they are infected
Treatment
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Anti-viral medications
 Reduces the duration and intensity of symptoms
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Seek medical help right away
Complete the full course of medications
Have follow up testing done
Avoid all sexual activity while being treated
Notify ALL sexual partners
Safer… but not Safe Sex
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Female hormones that are taken orally every
day to prevent ovulation or affect the lining of
the uterus so that it cannot support and
nourish a fertilized egg.
Does NOT protect from STDs or HIV.
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Approximately 1 in every 5 people using
condoms for pregnancy protection will get
pregnant during the first year
100% WAY TO AVOID GETTING
ONE OF THOSE!!
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AIDS – Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome –
a disease in which the immunes system of the
patient is weakened
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1982 – 1600 cases were reported…700 deaths resulted
2000 – AIDS was the 5th leading cause of death among
adults from 25-44 years
HIV – Human Immunodeficiency Virus – a virus
that attacks the immune system
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Causes AIDS
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Teen have one of the fastest growing rates of
HIV
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As the number of viruses increase…the number of
T cells decrease…the immune system is weakened
Opportunistic infections – infections that occur in
individuals who do not have healthy immune
systems
HIV is progressive
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It destroys the cells of the immune system over many
months or years
AIDS is the advanced stage of HIV
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HIV lives inside
cells and body
fluids
Transmitted
though…
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Blood
Semen
Vaginal secretions
Breast milk
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NOT transmitted by
Toilet seats
 Telephones
 Food
 Being in the same
area
 Casual physical
contact – shaking
hands and hugging
 Insect bites
 Sweat
 Sneezing
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Sexual intercourse
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Secretions containing HIV can enter a partner’s blood
Increases with number of sexual partners
Increases by having another STD that causes sores
 Chlamydia, herpes, gonorrhea, syphilis
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Sharing needles through IV drug use or
Un-sanitized tattooing or piercing needles
Mother to baby
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Through the umbilical cord
During delivery
While nursing
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Knowledge is the best defense!
Abstinence from sexual activity or using drugs
Avoid pressure situations
 Practice refusal skills
 Choose relationships carefully
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ELISA TEST- more general, less specific, and
less expensive. A person must have 2 positive
ELISA TEST to take the Confirmation Test that
is more expensive.
Western Blot Test- this is the Confirmation
Test a person is given when they have 2
positive ELISA TEST. This test is more
expensive and more specific.