Transcript AMA the precious

In God We Trust
AMA the Precious
Mohammad Moradi
KOWSAR Corp.
6/9/2012
The Importance of AMA
• Document based editing;
• Some rules even not obeyed in mother tongue
speakers
• Improve the relationship of the authors and
the editors
• Make them to trust you
• Be the best in the world!
Dr. M. Moradi
Kowsar Corp.
Documents
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Best documents are;
AMA manual
Practical English Usage
A-Z of Correct English
Merriam Webster`s
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Chapter 11
1.Correct and Preferred Usage
• Of course, editors do consider manuscripts that
are poorly written but are of good science,
although they may feel less confident about a
paper's content if the presentation is sloppy. Also,
authors whose first language is not that of the
journal should still be given consideration. In
particular, editors should not lose the author's
voice, especially in informal usage. Still, scientific
writing should be as precise as possible to avoid
misinterpretation. This section provides a
selection of correct and preferred terms.
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Kowsar Corp.
abnormal, normal; negative, positive
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Incorrect:
The physical examination was normal.
Correct:
Findings from the physical examination were normal.
Incorrect:
The throat culture was negative.
Correct:
The throat culture was negative for -hemolytic
streptococci.
• Incorrect:
• The electroencephalogram was positive.
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Samples
• Correct:
• The electroencephalogram showed
abnormalities in the temporal regions.
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Samples
• Incorrect:
• Serologic tests for Treponema pallidum
hemagglutination, which were previously
negative, are now positive.
• Correct:
• Serologic test results for Treponema pallidum
hemagglutination, which were previously
negative, are now positive.
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Samples
• Also correct:
• Serologic tests for Treponema pallidum
hemagglutination, the results of which were
previously negative, showed a titer of 1:80.
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Kowsar Corp.
affect, effect
• Affect (a- fekt), as a verb, means to have an
influence on. Effect (i- fekt), as a verb, means
to bring about or to cause.
• Affect ( a-fekt), as a noun, refers to immediate
expressions of emotion (in contrast to mood,
which refers to sustained emotional states).
Affect is often used as part of psychiatric
diagnostic terminology. Effect (i- fekt), as a
noun, means result.
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among, between
• Among usually pertains to general collective
relations and always in a group of more than
2.
• The patients shared the library books among
themselves.
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Among/Between
• Between pertains to the relation between 1
entity and 1 or more other entities.
• For instance, a treaty may be made between 4
powers, since each is defining a relationship
with each of the others, but peace may exist
among them.
• Between you and me, we are certain to find
the common factor among those we have
examined.
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article, manuscript
• Published
• Non published
• typescript
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association, relationship
• Association is a connection between two
variables in which one does not necessarily
cause the other.
• Relationship implies cause and effect.
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breastfeed, nurse
• When referring to human lactation, use
breastfeeding. This term is more specific than
nursing and prevents any confusion with the
profession of nursing.
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classic, classical
• classic generally means authentic,
authoritative, or typical (the classic symptoms
of myocardial infarction include angina,
dyspnea, nausea, and diaphoresis). In
contrast, classical refers to the humanities or
the fine or historical arts
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• Classic symptoms of the disease was seen in
our cases.
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compare to, compare with
• One part only.
• Whole similarities and differences.
• Ex; Cholestrol level was higher in control
group compared to the case group.
• Ex; Drug A had more benefits compared with
Drug B
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comprise, compose
• Include
• the pituitary gland comprises the
adenohypophysis and the neurohypophysis
• make up or be a constituent of
• The adenohypophysis and the
neurohypophysis compose the pituitary gland
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• the pituitary gland is composed of the
adenohypophysis and the neurohypophysis
• The phrase comprised of is never correct!!
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Kowsar Corp.
dosage, dose
• A dose is the quantity to be administered at
one time, or the total quantity administered
during a specified period. Dosage implies a
regimen
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sample
• Ex;The usual initial dosage of furosemide for
adult hypertension is 80 mg/d, typically
divided into doses of 40 mg twice a day.
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fewer, less
• Fewer and less are not interchangeable. Use
fewer for number (individual persons or
things) and less for volume or mass (indicating
degree or value).
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-ic, -ical
• Merriam-Webster's Collegiate
(www.merriamwebsterdictionary.org)
• Stedman's
• Dorland's
• American Heritage dictionaries
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Kowsar Corp.
in order to
• In order can often be removed from the
phrase in order to without changing its
meaning
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malignancy, malignant neoplasm,
malignant tumor
• When referring to a specific tumor, use
malignant neoplasm or malignant tumor
rather than malignancy. Malignancy refers to
the quality of being malignant.
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Kowsar Corp.
operation, surgical procedure,
surgeries, surgery
• Surgery can mean surgical care, surgical treatment, or
surgical therapy (ie, the care provided by a surgeon
with the help of nurses and other personnel from the
first consultation and examination, through the
hospital stay, operation, and postoperative care, until
the last follow-up visit is complete).
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• An operation is what occurs between the induction of
and the patient's emergence from anesthesia—
incision, dissection, excision, and closure.
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Kowsar Corp.
place on, put on
• The phrase “to put [or to place] a patient on a
drug” is jargon and should be avoided.
Medications are prescribed or patients are
given medications; therapy or therapeutic
agents are started, administered.
Dr. M. Moradi
Kowsar Corp.
suggestive, suspicious
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Incorrect:
The chest film was suspicious for tuberculosis.
Correct:
The chest film was suggestive of tuberculosis.
Also correct:
The chest film showed abnormalities suggestive
of tuberculosis.
• Also correct:
• The chest film showed a suspicious lesion, but its
nature was unclear.
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Kowsar Corp.
Dr. M. Moradi
Kowsar Corp.
use, usage, utility, utilize
• Use is almost always preferable to utilize,
which has the specific meaning “to find a
profitable or practical use for,” suggesting the
discovery of a new use for something.
However, even where this meaning is
intended, use would be acceptable.
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Kowsar Corp.
2) Redundant, Expendable, and
Incomparable Words and Phrases
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adequate enough
general rule
advance planning
herein we describe
aggregate together
interval of time
brief in duration
large [small, bulky] in size
combine together
lift up
completely full [empty]
major breakthrough
consensus of opinion
near to
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out of [but: out of bounds, out of place, out of the question, out of the jurisdiction,
out of the woods]
count [divide] up
outside of
covered over
oval [square, round, lenticular] in shape
distinguish the difference
own personal view
each individual person
past history
eliminate altogether
period of time, time period, point in time
empty out
personal friend
enter into (exception: enter into a contract)
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precedes in time
equally as well as
predict in advance
estimated at about
raised up
fellow colleagues
reassessed again
fewer in number
red in color
filled to capacity
rough [smooth] in texture
first initiated
fuse together
obtained also by
future plans
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12 noon [midnight]
skin rash
2 halves
soft [firm] in consistency
2 out of 12
sour [sweet, bitter] tasting
uniformly consistent
split up
whether or not [unless the intent is to give equal emphasis to the alternative]
still continues
sum total
tender to the touch
younger [older] than 50 years of age
true fact
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2.2 Expendable Words and
Circumlocution.
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as already stated
it was demonstrated that
in other words
needless to say
it goes without saying
take steps to
it is important [interesting] to note
the fact that
it may be said that
the field of
it stands to reason that
to be sure
it was found that
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Kowsar Corp.
Dr. M. Moradi
Kowsar Corp.
Some from Practical English Usage
• Definite article
• Verb tenses
• Special and especial
• And More……………
Every other problem is found at the end of the
book.
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Kowsar Corp.
Thanks for your patience
Dr. M. Moradi
Kowsar Corp.