Transcript Bread a staple of the diet

Lifestages and energy
balance
© Grain Chain 2016
Learning objectives
•
Discuss the concept of energy balance and the role of
flour based dishes in a balanced diet and how needs
change through life.
11-14 years Nutrition and Health: Activity session 1
Healthy diet through life
A healthy diet is made up of a balance and variety of different foods,
which provides all of the nutrients required by the body.
At certain stages through life individuals requirements for energy and
nutrients are different.
Can you think when this might be?
11-14 years Nutrition and Health: Activity session 1
Healthy diet through life
The main stages in life include:
• Pregnancy and breastfeeding;
• Babies and toddlers;
• Childhood;
• Adolescence;
• Adults and older adults.
11-14 years Nutrition and Health: Activity session 1
Energy and nutrient
requirements
What are the factors that affect the energy and nutrient
requirements for individuals?
• Age
• Gender
• Body composition
• Level of activity
11-14 years Nutrition and Health: Activity session 1
Diet in pregnancy: energy
needs
Many women think they need to eat for two throughout
their pregnancy, however this can encourage them to
put on too much weight during pregnancy. The
increase in energy requirements is only a small
fraction of the amount normally needed, particularly in
the first trimester.
Pregnant women are advised to consume an extra
200 kcal per day in the third trimester only. This may
differ between individuals.
This increase in energy needs is to help the growth of
breasts, uterus and placenta; meet the needs of the
growing foetus and lay down stores of nutrients in the
foetus, and in the mother for breastfeeding (lactation).
11-14 years Nutrition and Health: Activity session 1
Babies and toddlers
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Lactation is the process of producing breast milk
and delivering it to the baby.
•
Breast milk usually provides all the energy,
nutrients and fluids that your baby needs in
order to grow and develop healthily during the
first six months of life.
•
After about 6 months the baby must be given
other foods in addition to breast milk or infant
formula. This is called weaning.
•
What type of foods would be suitable for
weaning a baby?
11-14 years Nutrition and Health: Activity session 1
Childhood
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Children grow quickly and
become increasing active as
they get older.
Children have a higher energy
requirement for their body size
compared to adults. They need
foods that provide enough
energy but are also rich in
nutrients.
Childhood is an important time
for growth and development and
children need a good supply of
protein, and other nutrients
including calcium, iron and
vitamins A and D.
11-14 years Nutrition and Health: Activity session 1
Adolescence
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During this time young people grow and
develop rapidly. These physical changes
mean adolescents require an increased
amount of energy and nutrients.
•
There are increased requirements for many
vitamins and minerals are compared to the
needs of younger children.
•
Requirements are different for boys and
girls: boys need more protein and energy
than girls to support their later growth spurt.
•
Although it is important for adolescents to
have enough energy and nutrients for
growth and development, if more is eaten
than needed, this can result in positive
energy balance and they can become
overweight.
11-14 years Nutrition and Health: Activity session 1
Adults
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There is no change in nutritional
requirements between the ages of
19-50, except during pregnancy and
lactation.
On average in the UK, a typical
adults diet contains too much
saturated fat and salt, and not
enough oily fish, fruit, or vegetables.
A poor diet and a lack of exercise can
result in diseases such as obesity,
cardiovascular diseases and
diabetes.
11-14 years Nutrition and Health: Activity session 1
Older adults
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After the age of 50, requirements for energy gradually
decrease as activity levels fall.
To maintain good health, it is important that older
adults:
– have adequate nutrient intakes;
– enjoy their food;
– keep active.
It is also important older adults keep hydrated by
drinking plenty of fluid. Even minor dehydration can
lead to health problems.
11-14 years Nutrition and Health: Activity session 1
Energy balance
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Our weight depends on the balance between how much energy we use being
active (energy expenditure) and how much energy we consume from food and
drinks (energy intake).
In order to maintain body weight it is necessary to balance energy intake with
energy expenditure.
When energy intake is greater than energy output, this is positive energy balance,
and will lead to weight gain over time.
When energy intake is less than energy output, this is negative energy balance,
and will lead to weight loss over time.
Energy in: food
and drinks
Energy out > Energy in =
Weight loss
Energy out:
activity
Energy
in: food
and
drinks
11-14 years Nutrition and Health: Activity session 1
Energy
out:
activity
Energy in > Energy out =
Weight gain
Macronutrients
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There are three macronutrients that are essential for
health.
These are:
– carbohydrate;
– protein;
– fat.
Macronutrients are measured in grams (g).
They provide our bodies with energy and also the
building blocks for growth and maintenance of a a a a
a healthy body.
11-14 years Nutrition and Health: Activity session 1
Carbohydrates
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Carbohydrate provides energy for the body.
1 gram provides 3.75 kcal (16 kJ).
At least half the energy in our diets should come
from carbohydrate, mostly as starchy
carbohydrates.
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The two types of carbohydrate that provide
energy are sugars and starch.
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Dietary fibre is also a type of carbohydrate found
almost exclusively in plants. It is important to
keep the digestive system healthy (fibre
contributes 2 kcal (8.4kJ) per gram).
11-14 years Nutrition and Health: Activity session 1
Sources of carbohydrates
Can you name some sources of starchy carbohydrate?
11-14 years Nutrition and Health: Activity session 1
For more information, go to: www.grainchain.com
© Grain Chain 2016