NURS 204 Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing Chapter 34
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Transcript NURS 204 Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing Chapter 34
Legal and Ethical Guidelines for Safe
Practice
Ethical Concepts
Ethical dilemma: Conflict between two or more
courses of action, each with favorable and unfavorable
consequences
Ethics: The study of philosophical beliefs about what is
considered right or wrong in a society
Bioethics: Used in relation to ethical dilemmas
surrounding health care
Five Principles of Bioethics
1. Beneficence: The duty to promote good
2. Autonomy: Respecting the rights of others to make their
3.
4.
5.
6.
own decisions
Justice: Distribute resources or care equally
Fidelity (nonmaleficence): Maintaining loyalty and
commitment; doing no wrong to a patient
Veracity: One's duty to always communicate truthfully
Nonmalefincence
Civil Rights of Persons
with Mental Illness
Guaranteed same rights under
federal and
state laws
Due Process in
Involuntary Commitment
Probable Cause Hearing
Writ of habeas corpus
Least restrictive alternative doctrine
Admission Procedures
Informal Admission – sought by patient
Voluntary Admission – sought by patient or guardian
Informed consent
Client retains all rights
Client has a right to demand and obtain release
Temporary Admission
Person confused or demented
So ill they need emergency admission
Admission Procedures
Continued
Involuntary admission – without patient’s consent
Criteria:
Dangerous to self (DTS)
Danger to others (DTO)
Gravely Disabled (Unable to provide for basic needs due to
Mentally illness)
Involuntary Commitment
5150 - 72 hour-hold (DTS, DTO, GD)
5250 - 14 day hold (DTS, DTO, GD)
5260 - Consecutive 14 day hold for DTS
5270 - 30 day hold (GD)
5300 - 180 day hold for (DTO)
Temporary Conservatorship - GD
LPS Conservatorship - GD
Admission Procedures
Continued
Long -Term Involuntary Admission
Medical certification
Judicial review
Administrative action
Involuntary Outpatient Admission
Medication Capacity
Riese Petition (Medication Capacity Hearing)
Which individual with mental illness may
need involuntary hospitalization?
A person with alcoholism who has been sober for 6
months but begins drinking again
b. An individual with schizophrenia who stops taking
prescribed antipsychotic drugs
c. An individual with bipolar disorder, manic phase, who
has not eaten in 4 days
d. Someone who repeatedly phones a national TV
broadcasting service with news tips
a.
Discharge Procedures
Conditional release
Unconditional release
Release against medical advice (AMA)
Patients’ Rights Under the Law
Right to treatment
Right to refuse treatment
Right to informed consent
Rights surrounding involuntary commitment and
psychiatric advance directives
Rights regarding restraint and seclusion
Right to confidentiality
Patient Confidentiality
Legal considerations
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
(HIPAA)
Confidentiality after death
Confidentiality of professional communications
Confidentiality and human immunodeficiency virus
(HIV) status
Patient Confidentiality
Continued
Exceptions to the rule
Duty to warn and protect third parties
Child and elder abuse reporting statutes
Tort Law
Tort – A civil wrong for which money damages may be
collected by the injured party (plaintiff) from the
responsible party (the defendant)
Intentional tort – Willful or intentional acts that
violate another person’s rights or property
Battery
Assault
False imprisonment
Invasion of privacy
Defamation of character (slander or libel)
Tort Law
Unintentional tort – unintended acts against another
that produce injury or harm
Negligence
Malpractice
Five Elements to Prove Negligence
Duty
Breach of duty
Cause in fact
Proximate cause
Damages
Guidelines for Ensuring
Adherence to Standards of Care
Negligence, irresponsibility, or impairment
Unethical or illegal practices
Duty to intervene and duty to report
Common Sources of Liability in
Psychiatric-Mental Health Services
Client suicide
Improper treatment
Misuse of psychotropic medications
Breach of confidentiality
False imprisonment
Injuries or problems related to ECT
Sexual contact with a client
Failure to obtain informed consent
Failure to report abuse
Failure to warn potential victims
Documentation of Care
A record’s usefulness is determined by evaluating—
when the record is read later—how accurately and
completely it portrays the patient’s behavioral status at
the time it was written.
Medical Records
Used by the facility
Used as evidence
Electronic documentation
Therapeutic Groups and Environment
Therapeutic Factors
Common to All Groups
Instillation of hope
Universality
Imparting of information
Altruism
Orienting client and family
Safety and the structural environment
Supportive social climate
Spirituality
Client and family education
Therapeutic Factors
Common to All Groups
Continued
Development of socializing techniques
Imitative behavior
Interpersonal learning
Group cohesiveness
Catharsis
Existential resolution
Phases of Group Development
Orientation phase
Working phase
Termination phase
Group Member Roles
Task roles
Maintenance roles
Individual roles
Which of the following comments made by
members of a group best demonstrates a
task role?
“I want to tell how my problems started. I’m having more
trouble than anyone else in this group.”
b. “Three people were late for this group. Everyone is
supposed to arrive on time.”
c. “I can’t believe you’re talking about your failed romantic
relationships again.”
d. “We started out talking about guilt, but we have strayed
from that subject.”
a.
Group Leadership Responsibilities
Initiating
Maintaining
Terminating
Styles of Leadership
Autocratic leader
Democratic leader
Laissez-faire leader
Basic Level Registered Nurse
Psychoeducational groups
Medication education groups
Health education groups
Dual-diagnosis groups
Symptom-management groups
Stress-management groups
Support and self-help groups
Advanced Practice Nurse
Group psychotherapy
Psychodrama groups
Dialectical behavior treatment
Dealing with Challenging Member
Behaviors
Monopolizing member
Complaining member who rejects help
Demoralizing member
Silent member
Community Support Programs
Crisis stabilization
Emergency
Acute inpatient care
General health care
Vocational programs
Americans with Disabilities Act
Day treatment, partial hospitalization programs
Family and support network
Advocacy – NAMI resources
High-Risk Clients
Concurrent substance related disorders
Homeless and mentally ill
Frequent readmissions and relapse
Frequent criminal justice system involvement