Transcript medmath

Introduction to Medical Math
Identify Components of the
Household System of
Measurement.
• Less accurate system of measurement
• Primarily used by patient who take medications at
home. Practitioners responsibility to assure
consumer is taking the correct dose
• Necessary for practitioners to know equivalents
from “pharmacy language” to every day common
household terms
Conversions
1. Conversion factors are needed in order to change one
unit to another unit.
2. Household measurement can be converted into metric
units. Remember household measurement is everything
you use normally such as feet, inches, yard, pound,
ounce, cup, etc….
3. Metric measurement is anything that deals with gram,
liter, or meter. Hint: King Henry acronym - KHD
(GML) DCM
Conversion Examples
Household to Metric
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Standard teaspoon = 4-5 ml
1 tbsp = 15 ml
1 cup = 30ml
60 gtt. = 5 ml
3 teaspoon = 15 ml
English Measurements
• Inches, yards
• Cups, Pints, Quarts, gallons
• Pounds, ounces
Length
Volume
Weight
Conversion Examples
Metric to Household
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1 kg = 2.22 lbs
2.54 cm = 1 in.
1 L = 1 qt
240 ml = 8 oz
Test Your Gray Matter
• Which of the following is a unit in the
household system of measurement? tbl, cm,
ml, or mg
• Which of the following healthcare workers
would most likely use the metric system in
their daily routine? Housekeeping,
Pharmacist, Admission Clerk or Marketing
Director.
Metric System
• About 1670 a Frenchman developed a
system of measurement organized according
to the decimal system.
• It has been adopted in every other country
except the USA.
• In prescription and administration of drugs,
a working knowledge of metrics is
important.
Metric System
• Most commonly used
system in measurement ,
easy to use since based on
parts and multiples of 10.
• Greek and Latin prefixes
indicate what multiple is
used : milli• centi• deci• micro• kilo-etc.
Metric
• Meter (m)
• Gram (g or gm)
• Liter (L or l)
Length
Weight
Volume
Fun Fact!
• A gram of venom from
the king Cobra is so
deadly that it could
kill 150 people.
Metric Symbols
Meaning
1000 units
100 units
10 units
1 unit
0.1 unit
0.01 unit
0.001 unit
Prefix
Kilo
hecto
deka
base unit
deci
centi
milli
Symbol
k
h
da
m/l/g
d
c
m
Conversion Factors
These items will either be given to you or you
willhave to remember the conversion factor. You
must learn these conversions and be able to recall
them from your memory.
Examples:
1 inch (in) = 2.5 centimeters (cm)
1 meter (m) = 39.4 inches (in)
1 kilogram (kg) = 2.2 pounds (lb)
Setup for Conversion problem
Convert 154 pounds to
Kilograms.
Conversion factor =
2.2lbs = 1kg
Step 1: 154 times 1 = 154
Step 2: 154 divided by 2.2
Step 3: 6.8 kgs
The answer is in kgs because lbs
cancel out.
154 lbs
1kg
2.2 lbs
Practice Items
use conversion chart
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196 pounds
157 pounds
61 kilograms
1.8 m
157.5 cm
72 in
5’11”
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________kg
________kg
________ lb
________in
________in
________cm
________cm
Test your Gray Matter!
• Which of the following metric prefixes means
that the measurement is smaller than the base
unit? Milli, Hecto, Kilo, or Deka
• The metric unit that measures weight or mass is:
Gram, Meter, Liter, or Pint
• Mr. Shuback walked 22 meters down the hall
with his walker. He asked you how many feet he
accomplished? What would you tell him? 42,
54, 68, or 72
• Which of the following is NOT a measure in the
household system? Milliliter, Ounce, Gallon, or
Teaspoon
• The system of measurement based on multiples of
10 is known as: The household system, The
conversion system, The metric system, or The
algebraic system
• The appropriate abbreviation for the metric term
“kilogram” is: k, kg, kgm, or kilogr
• David was measured to be 6ft. 2 in. tall. How
many centimeters tall is he? 74 cm, 148 cm,
188cm, or 222cm
• All of the following are metric units
EXCEPT: Meter, Liter, Quart, or Gram
• A man weighs 172 lbs. What is his weight
in kgs? 100 kg, 81 kg, 78.2 kg or 60 kg
• How many kg equal to 1350 mg? .1350,
1.350, 13.50, or 135.0
Fahrenheit and Celsius Temperature
Conversion
• Convert 32 oF
(freezing point of
water) to degrees
Celsius
C = F- 32
1.8
Step One 32-32
1.8
Answer : 00 = C
• Follow a two-step procedure to
convert Celsius to Fahrenheit
• Multiply 1.8 times degrees Celsius
• Add 32.
• Convert 200 C to degrees
Fahrenheit
• F = (1.8)(20) + 32 = 680 F
Practice
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3.
4.
26.50 C
410 C
00 F
350 F
______ 0F
______0F
______0C
______0C
Test Your Gray Matter!
• A patient is admitted to ICU with a rectal temperature of
104 degrees F. What would his temperature be in
Celsius? 39 degrees C, 40 degrees C, 40.5 degrees C, or
41.5 degrees C.
• The freezing point of water on the Celsius scale is : 32
degrees, 212 degrees, 100 degrees, or 0 degrees
• Normal Body temperature is 98.6 degrees F, What is this
in Celsius? 35 degrees, 36 degrees, 37 degrees, or 38
degrees
• Karen has a temperature of 102.8 degrees F.
What is this in Celsius? 37.8, 38.5, 39.3, or
40.1
• A patient has a temperature of 101 degrees
F. What is it in Celsius? 36.5, 38.3, 39, or
40.2
Roman Numerals
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One
Two
Three
Four
Five
Six
Seven
Eight
Nine
Ten
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
VII
VIII
IX
X
Twenty
XX
Thirty
XXX
Fifty
L
One hundred C
Volume Equivalent
30cc (ml)
One drop(gtt)
5 cc (ml)
15 cc (ml)
One pint
One quart
One Kiloliter
= one ounce
= 15 cc (ml)
= one teaspoon
= one tablespoon
= 500cc
= 1,000cc
= 1,000cc
Test Your Gray Matter!
• Mrs. Smith drank 240 cc of milk, 75cc of orange juice,
and 120cc of coffee. How much did Mrs. Smith drink in
all? 335cc, 325cc, 425cc, or 435cc
• Jamie, a 2 month old, was given 75cc of Amoxil a day
for 10 days for an ear infection. How many ounces did
the pharmacist dispense? 2, 3, 4, or 5
• The physician ordered Keflex 1 gm IV q8hrs. How
many mgs would the patient receive in 24 hours? 1000
mg, 2000 mg, 3000 mg, or 4000 mg
• Kim drank 1 pint of orange juice. How
many cc’s did she drink? 500cc, 400cc,
300cc, or 200cc
• Blanco’s IV intake was 2500cc. How many
Liters is this? 1.5 liters, 2 liters, 2.5 liters,
3 liters
• Mary voided 240cc urine. How many
ounces did she void? 5 oz, 6 oz, 8 oz, 9 oz
• The patient drank ½ of a 12 oz drink. How
many cc is this? 150cc, 180cc, 210cc or 240cc
• How many ounces are in three cups? 18 oz, 24
oz, 30 oz, or 36 oz.
• Which of the following is equal to 3 liters? 6
quarts, 10 pints, 1000 ml, or 3000cc
• How many cc’s are there in 3 tsp? 5 cc, 10
cc, 15cc, or 20cc
• How many gtts are in 5 mls? 25, 50, 75, or
100
• Which of the following is NOT equal to 1
Liter? 1 qt, 2 pt, 8 cups, or 1000cc
Let the fun begin.