Transcript Producer and Consumer

Digital Living and Social Networks
dei.inf.uc3m.es
[email protected]
Alessio Malizia, Prof., PhD,
Computer Engineering Dep.
University Carlos III of
Madrid, Spain
[email protected]
Universidad Carlos III de Madrid
Madrid
Universidad Carlos III de Madrid
Informatics at UC3M
• The degree in Informatics Engineering of Universidad Carlos III of Madrid has the
following principal distinctive features:
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4-year education, taking 240 credits. Internationalization, as it is a degree that is adapted to
the European Higher Education Area (EHEA).
Possibility of choosing English/Spanish bilingual education. New teaching methods adapted
to the EHEA that include ongoing evaluation, group work, etc., to quantify all the student’s
work, not just that in the classroom.
Large practical component, as at least 40% of total credit weight is dedicated to tutored
laboratory practicum.
Existence of teaching resources adjusted to the number of students, with classrooms and
laboratories where a computer per student is available in many cases.
Possibility of carrying out in-company internships. Possibility of studying in Europe through
Erasmus exchanges. There are currently agreements with a number of universities.
Outstanding dedication of the teaching faculty who are highly experienced and are in
constant contact with the student.
• All these features have enabled Informatics Engineering at Universidad Carlos III of
Madrid to hold second place in the NATIONAL ranking of degrees published in "El
Mundo" newspaper in May 2008, and the employability of these graduates is 100%, just
as soon as they finish their studies and even before.
DEI Lab @ UC3m
•Web applications
•Information access
•Interactive systems
dei.inf.uc3m.es
[email protected]
Outline
• Digital Living
• Social Networks as
▫ Science
▫ Technology
▫ Popular Culture
• Developing for Cooperation
▫ Tagging
▫ Mash-ups
• Conclusions
Entertainment
Working and
Learning
Communication
& Collaboration
Daily
Life
Evolution of Digital Living
digital
ecosystems
environment
for network Crowdsourcing
e-business
e-commerce tools
tools
website
On-line
market and
payments
Visibility and
diffusion of
Internal/
information
External
Communications
Maximize
accessibility
to global
markets
e-mail
Supply
Chains
Value-chain
integration
Reduction
of
distribution
costs
Knowledge
sharing
Outsourcing
Virtual
Enterprises
Web Services
and Solutions
Digital
Interaction
living
People,
community,
Society
Ergonomy
Content
Management
Digital Rights
Management
Management
of Change
Extent of economical impact, organizational change and sophistication*
Focus switch
Technology
Applications and Services
Computers
People
Supercomputers
Mobile Devices
Programming Optimization
Usability, Universal Access
Perspective on Users
User
Participant
Customer
Designer
Producer or Consumer
Producer and Consumer
Stand Alone
Interconnected
User Participant
Perspective on Users
User
Participant
Customer
Designer
Producer or Consumer
Producer and Consumer
Stand Alone
Interconnected
Audience  Designer
Perspective on Users
User
Participant
Customer
Designer
Producer or Consumer
Producer and Consumer
Stand Alone
Interconnected
Consumer and Producer
Consumer and Producer
Perspective on Users
User
Participant
Customer
Designer
Producer or Consumer
Producer and Consumer
Stand Alone
Interconnected
Stand alone  Interconnected
Outline
• Digital Living
• Social Networks as
▫ Science
▫ Technology
▫ Popular Culture
• Developing for Cooperation
▫ Tagging
▫ Mash-ups
• Conclusions
Social Networks
social networks as science
• Social network analysis is an interdisciplinary
social science, but has been of special concern to
sociologists.
• Recently, physicists and mathematicians have
made large contributions to understanding
networks in general (as graphs) and thus
contributed to an understanding of social
networks too.
social networks as science
• [Social network analysis] is grounded in the observation
that social actors [i.e., people] are interdependent and
that the links [i.e., relationships] among them have
important consequences for every individual [and for all
of the individuals together]. ... [Relationships] provide
individuals with opportunities and, at the same time,
potential constraints on their behavior. ... Social network
analysis involves theorizing, model building and
empirical research focused on uncovering the patterning
of links among actors. It is concerned also with
uncovering the antecedents and consequences of
recurrent patterns. (from Linton C. Freeman)
social networks as science
A
B
• A and B are “structurally
equivalent” because
they connect to the
same people and thus
have equivalent
positions in the network.
social networks as science
Centrality is computed from the number of direct
connections between nodes.
Diane is central (6/9);
Jane is not (1/9).
orgnet.com/sna.html
social networks as science
• if you’re a boy in this
network (a triangle)
• and you want to meet a
girl (a circle),
• who are you going to call
for an introduction?
Bridge
social networks as technology
• email, newsgroups, and weblogs.
• In the design of the arpanet (the forerunner to
the internet) email was an afterthought!
social networks as technology
• search engines: e.g., Google (www.google.com)
▫ Google’s Page Rank algorithm gives more weight
to popular webpages.
▫ A webpage is considered popular if many other
webpages link to it.
• collaborative filtering and/or recommender
systems; e.g., amazon.com’s feature: “People
who bought this book also bought...”
• Amazon Mechanical Turk
▫ Artificial Artificial Intelligence
social networks as technology
http://quartz.syr.edu/rdlankes/blog/?cat=5
social networks as popular culture
social networks as popular culture
• e.g., six degrees of kevin bacon
• bacon number: definition
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six_Degrees_of_Kevin_B
acon
▫ kevin bacon has a bacon number of 0
▫ an actor, A, has a bacon number of 1 if s/he appeared
in a movie with kevin bacon
▫ an actor, B, has a bacon number of 2 if s/he appear in
a movie with A
▫ etc.
• Try it at http://oracleofbacon.org/
social networks as popular culture
• Social software; e.g., facebook, friendster, orkut, tribe,
etc.
• Recall the article by danah boyd: what happens to social
networks when they are explicitly declared?
▫ “[danah] emphasize[s] how users have repurposed the
technology to present their identity and connect in
personally meaningful ways while the architect works
to define and regulate acceptable models of use.”
• To understand “artificial” social networks we need to
rethink the social scientific concepts of “equivalence,”
“centrality,” even “node” and “link.”
Outline
• Digital Living
• Social Networks as
▫ Science
▫ Technology
▫ Popular Culture
• Developing for Cooperation
▫ Tagging
▫ Mash-ups
• Conclusions
Developing for Cooperation
By Gerhard Fisher
Collaborative Tagging and
Folksonomies
• “Collaborative tagging” is used to describe the
process by which people create and share their
metadata tags
• “Folksonomies” refers to the actual output, or
the tags themselves.
Folksonomies
• Folksonomies (known also as “social classifications”) are
user created metadata.
• They are a grassroots community classification of digital
assets.
• The term “folksonomy” was created by Thomas Vander
Val and represents a merging of the terms “folk” and
“taxonomy.”
• One form of explicit user created metadata was
popularized in the late 1990s with link-focused websites
called weblogs
Where are folksonomies found?
• Folksonomies are found in social bookmarks managers such as Del.icio.us
(http://del.icio.us/) and Furl (http://www.furl.net/), which allow users to:
▫ Add bookmarks of sites they like to their personal collections of links
▫ Organize and categorize these sites by adding their own terms, or tags
▫ Share this collection with other people with the same interests.
• The tags are used to collocate bookmarks:
▫ (a) within a user’s collection; and
▫ (b) across the entire system, e.g., the page http://del.icio.us/tag/blogging will
show all bookmarks that are tagged with “blogging” by any user.
• There are no clearly defined relations between and among the terms in the
vocabulary, unlike formal taxonomies and classification schemes
Popular folksonomy sites
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Del.icio.us (http://del.icio.us)
Flickr (http://www.flickr.com)
Frassle (http://www.frassle.org)
Furl (http://www.furl.net)
Simpy (http://www.simpy.com)
Spurl (http://www.spurl.com)
Technorati (http://www.technorati.com)
Web Mashups
• Mashup is a Web page or application that
uses and combines data, presentation or
functionality from two or more sources to
create new services.
Web Tools for Mashups
An example (eStorys)
Tools for Mashups
• Different tools to create mashups
▫ Yahoo Pipes
▫ Microsoft PopFly
▫ Google Mashups (deprecated from January
2009)
▫ Marmite
▫ Karma
▫ IBM’s QEDWiki
▫ JackBe
▫ Dojo
Conclusions
• Digital Living is for people not for Users
▫ Ubiquitous
▫ Tangible
▫ Integration
• New models for design and participation
• Tools for end-users development
• Web 3.0 vs Web 2.0