Transcript HHS4U Introductory Lesson

INTRODUCTION
TO FAMILIES IN
CANADA
HHS4U, Families in Canada
Grade 12, Academic
Sam Fairbloom
Blyth Academy: Yorkville
Sam Fairbloom
• B.A., English Language and Literatures,
University of Western Ontario
• B.PS., Intermediate/Senior, Niagara University
– English
– Social Sciences
Disciplines in the Social Sciences
• Discipline: a specific branch of learning such
as math, psychology, geography.
• Choosing a discipline determines what
observations you will make and which
theoretical perspective will be used to
organize and explain your ideas.
What is This Course About?
• Potentially investigating everything that can
occur to families from birth to death through a
social science perspective:
Social
Sciences
Psychology
Anthropology
Sociology
Sociology
Anthropology
Psychology
SAP: Sociology,
Anthropology,
The study of human
behavior It is the study of behavior
and cultural factors – the arts, based on mental processes. It
thePsychology
beliefs, habits, institutions focuses on how the individual
It is the social science that
explains the behavior of
individuals as they interact in
social groups, such as in family
settings and different
communities.
Sociologists are interested in
the relationship between the
institution of marriage and the
institution of family because,
historically, marriages are
what create a family, and
families are the most basic
social unit upon which society
is built upon. Both marriage
and family create status roles
that are sanctioned by society.
that are characteristics of a
thinks.
specific community, society, or
a nation.
Example: comparing rituals in
different countries and how
they differ with our initiation
into adulthood.
By reading the anthropological
studies of other cultures,
people learn to understand
that all cultural behavior is
invented. Therefore, the
norms and culture that an
individual follows in a family is
invented.
When it comes to family,
psychologists focus on the
individual’s stage of
development and his/her
needs in defining the family.
They also examine how
individuals interact and
influence one another,
thereby affecting the family.
What would ____ ask?
• Select a topic that interests you about families
in Canada.
– What would an anthropologists ask about the
topic?
– What would a sociologist ask?
– What would a psychologist ask?
Why Should You Stay in This Course?
Social sciences are important because they help students
understand families, communities, and society of their own
and of others, which helps them better understand
themselves. Students leave the course with a better
understanding of how people think, live, and interact with one
another around the world in various cultures, communities,
and societies. It is important that students develop their
abilities to hold informed discussions on the world around
them: “social, cultural, economic, technological,
environmental, and wellness issues”, and the ability to
comprehend complex issues, and diversity. Overall, social
sciences are important because they prepare student for a
world that does not exist and provides them the proper tools
for understanding the world now, and in the future.
What can I do to Expect Success?
• There will not be a lot of homework in this
class, so take advantage of class time
• Connect to the material
• Finish the assignments on time
• Interact and ask questions
• Take notes
• Connect the material to your everyday life
Course Website
• https://fairbloomhhs4u.wordpress.com/
• Email: [email protected]
Unit Briefs
1. Approach to the Study of Families and
Individuals
2. Individuals in a Diverse Society
3. Intimate Relationships and Marriage in a
Diverse Family
4. Diversity – The Global Network
5. Hot Topic – Burning Issues
6. Independent Study Project
Categories of Mark Breakdown
KICA Breakdown:
• Knowledge = 20%
• Inquiry/Thinking = 30%
• Communication = 20%
• Application = 30%
Introductions
• Fill out Questionnaire
• Your name
• University/College you want to attend OR
what you hope to do after high school
• Places you want to travel and have traveled to
• Favorite and least favorite school subjects
• A little paragraph about your family
Goals of This Course
You will…
• To understand and
appreciate the variability in
Canadian families
• To understand the
historical, cultural, and
sociological roots of this
variability
• To study how Canadian
families reflect change in
society, and how they shape
change
• Learn about the research
that scholars in this
discipline conduct
• Develop your critical
thinking ability
• Learn to distinguish
between trustworthy and
suspect sources of
information
• Improve your
communication skills
Textbook
Tentative:
Individuals and Families, Diverse Perspective:
McGraw Hill & Ryerson
Definitions of the FAMILY:
• For the next five minutes, write down what
you think the definition of family is and
examples of families in Canada.
• Remember: Definitions of family have
changed remarkably over the years.
The Basics of Family
• In all societies, individuals live in families.
• You were likely born and raised in a family.
When you reach maturity, you will probably
leave your family, and start a new family.
• This cycle of human life has continued for tens
of thousands of years
• Each family is made up of several individuals.
Therefore, to understand the family, one must
understand the individual.
Sample Definitions
• A social group characterized by
common residence, economic
cooperation and reproduction. It
includes adults of both sexes, at
least two of whom maintain a
socially approved sexual
relationship, and one or more
children, own or adopted, of the
sexually cohabiting adults
(Murdoch 1949).
• A married couple or other group
of adult kinsfolk who cooperate
economically and in the
upbringing of children, and all or
most of whom share a common
dwelling. (Gough 1971).
• A residential kin group composed
of a woman, her dependent
children, and at least one adult
male joined through marriage or
blood relationship (Haviland
1997).
Statistic Canada’s “census family”
• A now-married couple (with or without
children of either or both spouses), a couple
living common-law (with or without children
of either or both partners), or a lone parent of
any marital status, with at least one child
living in the same dwelling. A couple living
common-law may be of opposite or same sex.
“Children” in a census family include
grandchildren living with their grand-parent(s)
but with no parents present.
Vanier Institute of the Family’s
Definition
• Any combination of two or more persons who are
bound together over time by ties of mutual consent,
birth, and/or adoption or placement and who,
together, assume responsibilities for variant
combinations of some of the following:
– Physical maintenance and care of group members
– Addition of new members through procreation or
adoption
– Socialization of children
– Social control of members
– Production, consumption, distribution of good and
services, and
– Affective nurturance – love
Functions of a Family
• No society can survive unless the individual in a
family has certain basic functions, such as
reproduction, provision of food, educating their
young etc.
• Function is a basic and universal action or
purpose, such as reproduction or the provision of
food, that enables individuals and families to
survive.
• There are macro functions and micro functions.
What do you think macro and micro functions
might be?
Functions of the Family
• Responsible for the addition of new members through
reproduction because of the extended dependency of
infants.
• Families provide physical care for their members.
• Responsible for socializing children. Teaching them the
norms and customs of the society.
• Responsible for controlling the behavior of their members
to maintain order within the family and within the society
in which they live.
• Responsible for maintaining more and motivate individuals
to participate in society. Participation in appropriate social
roles to the health of society (soup kitchen, volunteering,
echoing).
Important Concepts
• Family of Origin or
Family of Orientation:
The family you were
“born into” and/or
raised in
• Family of Procreation:
The family you form
through marriage or
cohabitation and in
which you raise your
children
• Nuclear Family:
– “Usually regarded as
married parents and
their children… ‘standard
North american family’
or SNAF” (WARD 2006).
– “Typically includes a
couple and their
children, sharing the
same household”
(Albanese 2007).
Important Concepts
• Extended Family:
– “The nuclear family and other relatives” (Ward
2006).
– “Several generations (grandparents, aunts, uncles,
cousins) who share a household (Albanese 2007).
– “A collective of nuclear families, related by ties of
blood, that live together in one household
(Haviland 1997).
– We all have various combinations of relatives who
constitute near family and more distant family.
Three Main Eras
1. Early Colonization (i.e. fur
trade, exploration)
2. Agricultural settlement
3. Early industrialization
• Traders and trappers were
around in the 17th & 18th
centuries
• Few European women:
“Country wives”
• Attempts by the
government and church to
regularize relationships,
ensure a sufficient supply of
women
• Effects on indigenous
groups with forcible
introduction of patriarchy.
Settlers: 18th and 19th Centuries
• Farm families numerically predominant
• Work of all members required (men, women, younger
children, older children)
• Benefits of large families
• Shop keeping, artisanal, and farm families of preindustrial
times were laboring units, practicing an interdependent
family economy
• By mid-19th century, the productive aspects of domestic
labor by unpaid women and children were gradually
moving into the marketplace
• Shift to early Industrialism (from 1850 on) produced
separate spheres
• Wage labor took men out of and away from homes
• This coincides with emergence of “cult of domesticity’ and
relegation of women to the household sphere
Canadian Families in 2001
What are the
major trends?
Household Trends
• More private households
• Fewer person per household
• Youth leaving home at later ages and
returning
• More individuals living alone
• More three-generation families
Child Bearing
• Families have fewer
children
• An increasing number
of couples choosing to
be childless
Marriage
• Fewer marriages, at
later ages
• Increase in common law
couples
• Increase in divorce rate
Aging
• Canada’s population is
aging
• In 2006, 13% of the
population was over 65
Employment
• Dual income couples are
the norm
• Half of all jobs created
since 1991 are part-time,
temporary, or result from
self employment
• The “new standard” for
employment is not the
40-hour daytime Monday
to Friday full time job