Transcript SOCIETY AND SOCIAL CLASS The Socialization Process Social

SOCIETY AND SOCIAL
CLASS
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The Socialization Process
Social Processes and The Family
Family Structures and Functions
Mate Selection
Divorce
SIGMUND FREUD http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NCXynjpFaKU
• Believed the socialization centered on the person's
unconscious mind
• He felt there were three parts to personality
• ID
• A person’s basic drives which are unconscious and
demand immediate attention
• EGO
• A person’s conscious efforts to balance innate
pleasure seeking drives with the demands of
society
• SUPEREGO
• The cultural values and norms internalized by
society
THE SOCIALIZATION PROCESS
THEORIES ABOUT THE SOCIALIZATION
PROCESS
GEORGE MEAD
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AWCt5zI43Ko
• A felt socialization happened in three stages
• STAGE ONE
• Children watch the behaviour of others
and imitate them
• STAGE TWO
• Children imitate adult behaviours when
they pretend to be the teacher, the
doctor, the fireman
• STAGE THREE
• By age 10, children enter the game stage
where they understand the rules and
different roles with a team
THE SOCIALIZATION PROCESS
THEORIES ABOUT THE SOCIALIZATION
PROCESS
AGENTS OF SOCIALIZATION
• Specific individuals, groups and institutions
that provide situations in which socialization
can occur
LAWRENCE KOHLBERG
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zgjuS6O7ji8
• The cognitive development theory of
socialization
• He felt that children needed to master the skills
needed to cope with the world around them
• As they explored and became part of a group,
they looked for experiences that would help
them understand how people behave and
interact with each other
THE SOCIALIZATION PROCESS
THEORIES ABOUT THE SOCIALIZATION
PROCESS
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nOng7C5rRhU
Sociologists list four main functions of the
family:
• Regulation of sexual activity
• All societies have rules about sexual
activity
• Reproduction
• Societies need to replace members who
die or move away
• Socialization
• Most agree the family is the first agent of
socialization
• Economic and emotional security
• Family is the most basic economic unit in
society and our primary emotional
support
SOCIAL PROCESSES AND THE FAMILY
THE FUNCTIONS OF THE FAMILY
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZUqkJFBkW_c
NUCLEAR FAMILY
• Consists of adult heterosexual couple and their
dependent children
EXTENDED FAMILIES
• Include the nuclear family plus blood relatives living
together
VERTICAL FAMILIES
• includes grandparents as well parents and children
HORIZONTAL FAMILIES
• Includes some members of the same generation as
the parents living together
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=POofYM4ZiKg
http://www.yo
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SOCIAL PROCESSES AND THE FAMILY
FAMILY STRUCTURES
MARRIAGE AND SOCIETY
• All societies have some sort of family organization but the exact
nature of that organization varies from society to society,
sometimes even within the same society
MARRIAGE PARTNERS
• Monogamy
• Marriage of one man to one woman
• Polygamy http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ANXeiyGx7To
• Marriage with multiple partners
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0gyKWYb_OXw
• Polygyny
• A man is permitted to marry more than one woman as a time
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fk8inFlY7Rs&playnext=1&list=PL11BD146E57233BDF&f
eature=results_video
• Polyanandry http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d4yjrDSvze0
• A woman is permitted to marry more than one man at a time
SOCIAL PROCESSES AND THE FAMILY
MARRIAGE AND THE SOCIAL PROCESS
RESIDENTIAL PATTERNS
• NEOLOCAL
• In modern industrial societies it is most
common for married couples to be free to
set up their own residence apart from
both sets of parents
• PATRILOCALITY
• Where a couple live with or near the
husband's parents
• MATRILOCALITY
• Where a couple live with or near the wife’s
parents
SOCIAL PROCESSES AND THE FAMILY
MARRIAGE AND THE SOCIAL PROCESS
MATE SELECTION
• ROMANTIC LOVE
• People who are emotional and physically attracted
to each other
• ARRANGED MARRIAGEhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kaNHO1mvCiE
• Marriage arranged by others, typically your parents
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VUvrCaesLDs
• ENDOMGAMY
• Marrying someone within your social status
• EXOGAMY
• Marriage outside one’s social category
• HOMOGAMY
• Marriage within one’s own racial group
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q52MVJI_njA
SOCIAL PROCESSES AND THE FAMILY
MARRIAGE AND THE SOCIAL PROCESS
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BvjF5RyoKzI
PARENTAL IMAGE
• People are guided by the image they hold of their parents,
especially the parent of the opposite sex
ROLE THEORY
• Based on role expectations, a man who believes a woman’s place
is in the home would be unlikely to marry a career woman
VALUES
• Mates tend to be chosen on the basis of similar values
COMPLEMENTARY NEEDS
• Believes that martial gratification occurs when the needs of the
husband and the wife are complimentary instead of similar
FILTER THEORY
• Factors like religion and social class narrow the field then other
factors further narrow the field like smoking or divorce
SOCIAL PROCESSES AND THE FAMILY
THEORIES OF MATE SELECTION
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c-1ZJOAkX3o
• In some societies divorce is painless
• As attitudes have changed, there is reduced social
stigma which has contributed to the increasing
divorce rate
• The shifting roles of husbands and wives with
increased financial pressure to have dual incomes
has also increased relational stress
• Divorce which allows a spouse to leave a partner
involved in deviant behaviour may be positive
SOCIAL PROCESSES AND THE FAMILY
DIVORCE
• ANNUAL NUMBER OF DIVORCES IN CANADA
• 71,00
• MARRIAGES THAT WON'T MEET THEIR 50th WEDDING
ANNIVERSARY
• 43%
• HIGHEST AND LOWEST MARRIAGE RATES IN CANADA
• Newfoundland 55%, Quebec 38%
• TOP REASONS FOR DIVORCE( Stats Canada)
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Relationship “runs out of steam”/fall out of
love
Communication breakdown
Unreasonable behaviour
Infidelity
Midlife crisis
Financial issues
Physical, psychological, or emotional abuse
SOCIAL PROCESSES AND THE FAMILY
DIVORCE AND THE CHANGING FAMILY
http://www.separation.ca/pdfs/divorcefacts.pdf
• PERCENTAGE OF DIVORCES THAT GO TO TRIAL
• 1-5%
• BUSIEST MONTH FOR DIVORCE
• January, results from not wanting to spoil holidays
for children, New Years resolutions
• PERCENTAGE OF DIVORCES INTITATED BY WOMEN
• 66%
• PERENTAGE OF SINGLE PARENT FAMILIES HEADED BY
WOMEN IN POVERTY
• 52%
• PERCENTAGE OF DIVORCED WOMEN WHO HAVE BEEN
VICTIMS OF ABUSE
• 50%
SOCIAL PROCESSES AND THE FAMILY
DIVORCE AND THE CHANGING FAMILY
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SnNFW3IIvcc
• ESTIMATED CHILDREN AFFECTED BY DIVORCE IN
CANADA
• 35%
• PROBLEMS EXPERIENCED BY CHILDREN OF DIVORCED
COUPLES
• More alcohol and marijuana use
• More problems with peers, authority figures
• Children are less likely to marry and more likely to
divorce
• DROPOUT RATES FOR CHILDREN OF DIVORCED COUPLES
• 2 to 3 times the rate of married family children
• ANXIETY, DEPRESSION, AND SELF –ESTEEM ISSUES OF
CHILDREN OF DIVORCE
• Twice the rate of married family children
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dB3chibPz8Y
SOCIAL PROCESSES AND THE FAMILY
DIVORCE AND THE CHANGING FAMILY
• The Impacts of Divorce on Students
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yzmiSjycGm0
• Invisible Moms: Single Mothers and Child Poverty in
Canada
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=owyPWAja70Q
• Interracial families changing America
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pa3Ospkeyng
• The Effects of Divorce on Men
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nm12hCrKVps
• The Changing face of the Canadian Family
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ugpYlgBQSGQ
SOCIAL PROCESSES AND THE FAMILY
THE CHANGING FAMILY