Transcript Modernization= process by which a society`s social institutions

MODERNIZATION
Chapter 18, Section 2
MODERNIZATION
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Modernization= process by which a
society’s social institutions become
increasingly complex as the society moves
toward industrialization.
As these social institutions become more
complex, the likelihood of social change also
increases.
THE PROCESS OF MODERNIZATION
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When sociologists look at modernization, they
divide the countries of the world into two
categories: more developed and less
developed.
More developed US, Canada, Japan, Australia,
Western Europe
Less developed Central African nations, SE
Asia
How have the more developed countries become
more modernized?
MODERNIZATION THEORY
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More-developed nations modernized
because they were the first to industrialize.
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Modernized countries serve as a model and a
source of technology for less-developed countries.
Over time, the less-developed countries will
undergo the same social changes that
modernized (more-developed) countries have
already undergone.
CHARACTERISTICS OF MODERNIZED AND
NON-MODERNIZED SOCIETIES
Characteristics
NonModernized
Modernized
Extended
Nuclear
Population
Rural
Urban
Technology
Simple
Complex
Mostly ascribed
Mostly achieved
Gradual
Rapid
Life expectancy
Lower
Higher
Social
stratification
Rigid
More open
Family
Statuses
Social Change
- Know at least 3 characteristics and how they differ in each
type of society.
WORLD-SYSTEM THEORY
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Modernization is tied to the world economy.
There are three types of nations, and the degree of
modernization is related to how integrated in the
world economy a country is.
Core nations= most powerful, most developed
nations. (US, Canada, Japan, Western Europe)
Semi-peripheral nations= industrialized, but
smaller role in the world economy (Spain,
Portugal, South Korea)
Peripheral nations= control few productive
resources; heavily dependent on core nations.
(Latin America, central Africa, SE Asia)
PROBLEMS WITH WORLD-SYSTEM THEORY
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Problems facing peripheral nations:
Not all countries benefit the same; peripheral nations
usually come out the worst in the arrangement;
 Heavily dependent upon exports;
 Rely heavily on foreign aid– causes external debt.
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External debt= amount a country owes to foreign
individuals, organizations, companies, and
governments.
EXTERNAL DEBT
Are we
the
worst?
http://www.cnbc.com/id/30308959/page/4
CONSEQUENCES OF MODERNIZATION
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Benefits
Growth of industry and expansion of technology
 Improved quality of life
 Education
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Drawbacks
Government has an increased role in citizens’ lives
 Moral and ethical issues
 Harmful to the environment
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